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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 1:
Action Verbs
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Verbs fall into three cagetories: action, helping, and linking.
Definition: Action verbs name a physical or mental (abstract) action.
Catsmeow loudly. (physical)
Trucks speed down the highway. (physical)
Waves crash on the shore. (physical)
Students learn new material. (abstract)
Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive action verbs "transfer" their action to a direct object. Intransitive action verbs have nothing to "transfer" their action to.
The actress wiped the tears from her eyes. (transitive - Wiped what? Wiped tears.)
The windshield wipers wiped across the windshield. (intransitive - Wiped what? Nothing.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Click on the action verbs in each phrase.
1.
Whenyourideyourjetski,alwayswearyourlifejacket.
2.
Ifyoucookthatchicken,pleasethawitfirst.
3.
WhenIwatchmovies,Ialwayseatpopcorn.
4.
IusedmynewcamerawhenItookthosepictures.
5.
Weoftenwonderwhatwewilldoafterwegraduatefromhighschool.
6.
Theprincipalwalkedintotheclassroom,satinthebackrow,andobservedtheclass.
7.
Thefireburnedbrightlyinthefireplaceasthechildrenroastedmarshmallows.
8.
Mylittlecousinoftenpretendsthatsheunderstandswhatourdogsays.
9.
Mysisterjumpedintothepoolandsplashedwateralloverthedrytowels.
10.
OnSaturdayswecooktacosandeatthemwhilewewatchtelevision.
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 2:
Helping Verbs
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Definition:
The second category of verbs is helping verbs. Also called auxiliary verbs, helping verbs help the main verb show tense or possibility.
Helping verbs + main verbs = verb phrases. The main verb is always the last verb in the phrase.
The most common helping verbs are
· to be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
These are used in progressive tenses and passive voice verbs.
I am writing this sentence.
This sentence was written.
· to have: have, has, had
These are used in perfect tenses.
I have read many, many books.
· to do: do, does, did, done
These are emphatic verbs. They don't change tense. They just emphasize the main verb.
I do know your uncle.
· conditionals (also called modal auxiliaries): could, should, would, can, shall, will, may, might, must
These express possibility, obligation, permission, ability, necessity, and intention.
I could play basketball. (It is a possibility that I will be able to.)
I should play basketball. (I have an obligation to do it.)
I would play basketball. (It is a possibility under certain conditions.)
I can play basketball. (I am able to do it.)
I shall play basketball. (used more in British English for first person instead of will [I shall, you will].)
I will playbasketall. (It is my intention in the future.)
I may play basketball. (I have permission to do it, or it is a possibility.)
I might play basketball. (It is a possibility.)
I must play basketball. (It is a necessity.)
Challenge 1: Watch out for questions! The subject of the question is often between the helping verb and the main verb. If you keep all the words and rearrange the sentence to a declarative sentence, it may be easier to find the verb phrase.
Are you coming to my party?
You are coming to my party.
Challenge 2: Sometimes the verb phrase can be interrupted by an adverb. Be careful not to include the adverb in the verb phrase. Only verbs on the "Approved List of Helping Verbs" can be helping verbs.
Approved List of Helping Verbs
to be
to have
to do
Conditionals
am
are
is
was
were
be
being
been
have
has
had
having
do
does
did
doing
done
could
should
would
can
shall
will
may
might
must
Hint:
Remember don't, doesn't, and didn't are contractions for do not, does not, and did not. The not is not a helping verb.
Practice What You've Learned
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Part 1
Directions:
Click on all the words in the verb phrase in each sentence.
1.
Tomorrowwewillbeplayingsoccer.
2.
Youshouldhavecleanedyourroom.
3.
Samdiddothedishes.
4.
Shouldyoubeeatingthatmuchcandy?
5.
Earlyscientistsmusthavewonderedaboutthestrangeanimalsatthebottomoftheocean.
6.
Acarmusthavedrivenhereonthebeach.
7.
St.Augustine,Floridawouldhavebeenahotplacetoliveinthe1600s.
8.
Haveyoubeendoingyourhomework?
9.
Thatsatelliterocketshouldhavelaunchedbynow.
10.
Myfourcanariescouldhaveflownaway.
Part 2
Directions:
Click on all the helping verbs only in each sentence.
11.
Youshouldhavebeenpracticingyourfreethrowsbeforethelastgame.
12.
WemightbeseeingthepyramidsonourtriptoEgypt.
13.
Thatpicturemayhavebeencutoutofamedievalmanuscript.
14.
Thatcrashmusthavebeencausedbytextingwhiledriving.
15.
WewillnotbeshoppingatthemallonBlackFriday.
16.
Canyouhelpmefindmylostkeys?
17.
WewouldhavebeenhereontimeifSamhadn'tbrokenhisankle.
18.
Myauntandunclewillsoonbevisitingusforthesummer.
19.
In2013HannukahandThanksgivingwerecelebratedonthesameday.
20.
Iamsureyoudiddoyourhomework,butwhereisit?
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 3:
Linking Verbs
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Definition:
Unlike action verbs, linking verbs show a relationship between the subject of the sentence and a noun or adjective being linked to it.
My dog is an Akita. (Dog and Akita are linked because they are the same thing.)
My cat is very furry. (Cat and furry are linked because furry describes the cat.)
The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb to be:am, is, are, was, were, being, been.
Other common linking verbs include: appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn.
If left too long, that milk may turn sour.
I feel refreshed after that nap.
To check if these are being used as linking verbs, try replacing them with the correct form of to be. If they make sense and have almost the same meaning, they are linking verbs.
Laurie appears tired.
Laurie appearsis tired.
Practice What You've Learned
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Part 1
Directions:
Click on the linking verbs in each sentence.
1.
Thoseloud,annoyingbirdsarewildmonkparakeets.
2.
Mymomisagreatcook.
3.
Cigarettesareverybadforyourhealth.
4.
ThosepotterydishesarePolish.
5.
Youseemmorerelaxednow.
6.
Thebowlofstrange,greenstuffintherefrigeratorsmellsfunky.
7.
Thepyramidsareanamazingfeatofengineering.
8.
Ifyoupractice,youmaybecomeachampion.
9.
Thatkitten'sfurfeelssosoft.
10.
Thatcoffeepotwasmygrandmother's.
Part 2
Directions:
Click only on the verbs that are linking verbs. Do not include helping verbs or action verbs.
11.
Ihaveacold,andIfeelmiserable.
12.
Theseorangeslookverybrightandtasteexceptionallysweet.
13.
Thatcrookconnedmoneyfromoldladiesandgrewveryrich.
14.
Thatmovielooksgood.Weshouldgoseeit.
15.
Thesejeansfeeltootight.Theymustbelongtomylittlesister.
16.
Thewavescrashedontheshorewheretheyfeltcoolonmyhotfeet.
17.
Thosemonstersseemscary,buttheywon'thurtanyone.
18.
Medievalswordsweresharp,sopagesusedwoodenonesforpractice.
19.
RomeoandJulietismyfather'sfavoriteplay;hehasseenitsixtimes.
20.
Kelly'scarwasblueuntilshedamageditandhaditrepainted.
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 4:
Action vs. Linking Verbs
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The verbs appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn can act either as linking verbs or action verbs. You have to understand the relationships in the sentence.
Action:
Kelly grows sunflowers in her yard. (Kelly takes the sunflowers and grows them.)
Linking:
Kelly grows tired after hours of gardening. (Tired describes Kelly. Kelly is tired.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify the bold-faced verb as action or linking.
1.
The magician appeared onstage in a cloud of smoke.
action/linking
2.
Ellie appeared tired after working six hours of overtime.
action/linking
3.
Take your umbrella in case the weather turns ugly.
action/linking
4.
To open that puzzle box, turn the circle one twist to the right.
action/linking
5.
My aunt in Louisiana grows the most beautiful roses.
action/linking
6.
My grandmother told my sister that she grows more beautiful every year.
action/linking
7.
Can you smell that strange odor?
action/linking
8.
It really smells strange.
action/linking
9.
I hope we will stay friends after we graduate.
action/linking
10.
We always stay in a castle when we visit England.
action/linking
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 5:
The Verb To Be
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The verb to be can be used as 3 different types of verbs.
State-of-being:
Wendell is here today. (Wendell is being, and he's doing it here.)
Helping:
Irena is listening to the teacher. (Is helps listening show that it is ongoing.)
Linking:
Daphne is very kind. (Is links Daphne and the adjective kind.)
Hint:
If to be is followed by when or where (an adverb), it is a state-of-being verb.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify how the verb to be is being used.
1.
Felicia is my best friend.
state-of-being/helping/linking
2.
Is David here today?
state-of-being/helping/linking
3.
I hope Joelyis coming to my house this weekend.
state-of-being/helping/linking
4.
Sammi and Laciwere best friends until they had a fight.
state-of-being/helping/linking
5.
The Romans were tolerant of other cultures in their empire.
state-of-being/helping/linking
6.
We will be at your house next weekend.
state-of-being/helping/linking
7.
We were walking down the street when we saw the hawk.
state-of-being/helping/linking
8.
You should be happy to see your grandparents.
state-of-being/helping/linking
9.
A fire in the fireplace is comforting on a cold night.
state-of-being/helping/linking
10.
The lost dog was in our backyard.
state-of-being/helping/linking
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Review:
Types of Verbs
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Action Verbs
Directions:
Click on the action verbs in each phrase.
1.
Pleasedriveyourbrothertoschoolbeforeyougotowork.
2.
PresidentLincolnhopedthatslaverywouldendwhenhegavetheGettysburgAddress.
3.
Thethreegirlstalkedastheywalkedthroughthecorridor.
4.
Ifyoudropthatcementblockonyourtoe,yourtoemightbreak.
5.
Mycomputerfroze,soIrebootedit.
Helping Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in the verb phrase in each sentence.
6.
Thosebookscouldhavebeenshelvedmoreneatly.
7.
WillJessicabecomingwithustothemovies?
8.
OurfamilywillbegoingtoGermanyforChristmas.
9.
Thatilluminatormusthaveusedamagnifyingglasstopaintthattinypicture.
10.
Mydogmighthaveeatenyourpizza.
Directions:
Click on all the helping verbs only in each sentence.
11.
Youshouldbetakingyourvitaminseverymorning.
12.
Pompeiimusthavehadmanybeautifulvillasbeforethevolcanodestroyedit.
13.
Mysisterwillusuallybeseenreadingontheplayground.
14.
Shouldshebeeatinginthecomputerlab?
15.
Youshouldhavebeenpayingattentiontothepotonthestove.
Linking Verbs
Directions:
Click on the linking verbs in each sentence.
16.
Theoceanfeelsmuchwarmertoday.
17.
Thatbirdlooksmuchheavierthanitis.
18.
Mysisterismybestfriend.
19.
LastTuesdaywasCamille'sbirthday.
20.
ArethaFranklinisanamazingsinger.
Directions:
Click only on the verbs that are linking verbs. Do not include helping verbs or action verbs.
21.
Mypuppy'scoatfeelssosoftaftershe'shadabath.
22.
DavidwasmybestfriendinfourthgradeuntilhemovedtoGeorgia.
23.
Christmasismyfavoritetimeofyear,soIenjoydecoratingthehouse.
24.
Thatcoatseemstoosmallforyou.Ithinkyoushouldbuyalargersize.
25.
Thosetacossmelldelicious,buttheywillgivemeheartburn.
Action vs. Linking Verbs
Directions:
Identify the bold-faced verb as action or linking.
26.
This batch of fudge tastes better than the last batch.
action/linking
27.
Please taste this soup and see if it is too salty.
action/linking
28.
The doctor felt my throat to see if my glands were swollen.
action/linking
29.
I feel a bit nauseous after eating so much.
action/linking
30.
I often become energized after working out at the gym.
action/linking
The Verb To Be
Directions:
Identify how the verb to be is being used.
31.
Forensic science is a field that really interests me.
state-of-being/helping/linking
32.
I can't believe we are in Paris!
state-of-being/helping/linking
33.
Frank was given that new cell phone by his uncle.
state-of-being/helping/linking
34.
We will be going to Chicago when we leave New York.
state-of-being/helping/linking
35.
My favorite gelato flavor isstraciatella (chocolate chip).
state-of-being/helping/linking
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Quiz:
Types of Verbs
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 6:
Principal Parts of Verbs
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Definition:
In English there are four principal parts, or forms, of a verb.
If you study foreign languages, many languages have six forms of each verb for each tense. That's a lot of memorizing. English uses helping verbs and the four principal parts to show the tenses.
base/present
present participle
past
past participle
walk(s)
walking
walked
walked
dance(s)
dancing
danced
danced
study(s)
studying
studied
studied
Regular Verbs:
Base/Present - same as infinitive without to. Add -s to form third person singular.
Present Participle - add -ing.
Past - add -ed
Past Participle - add -ed
Note:Participles function as part of a verb phrase. They can't be used as verbs by themselves. They must have a helping verb in order to make sense.
My sister is walking to school today.
Before leaving, we made sure we had walked the dog.
When adding endings to verbs, you sometimes have to change the spelling.
Do change:
Single syllable verbs generally double the consonant when adding -ing and -ed.
shop + s = shops, shop + ing = shopping, shop + ed = shopped
Verbs that end with a single vowel and a consonant that stress the end of the word usually double the consonant before adding -ing and -ed.
refer + s = refers, refer + ing = referring, refer + ed = referred
To add -s or -ed to verbs that end in consonant y, change y to i before adding the ending. To add -ing, don't change the y.
carry + s = carries, carry + ing = carrying, carry + ed = carried
To add -ed or -ing to verbs that end in silent e, drop the e before adding -ed or -ing.
amaze + s = amazes, amaze + ing = amazing, amaze + ed = amazed
Verbs that end in a vowel followed by an l usually double the l before adding -ed or -ing in British English, but usually don't in American English.
American: travel + s = travels, travel + ing = traveling, travel + -ed = traveled.
British: travel + s = travels, travel + ing = travelling, travel + -ed = travelled
Verbs that end in c usually add k before adding endings.
frolic + s = frolics, frolic + ing = frolicking, frolic + ed = frolicked
Don't change:
If the verb ends with a single vowel before a consonant, but the last syllable is not stressed, don't double the consonant.
wander + s = wanders, wander + ing = wandering, wander + ed = wandered
Verbs with a double vowel before a consonant do not double the consonant.
retreat + s = retreats, retreat + ing = retreating, retreat + ed = retreated
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify the principal part of the bold-faced verb.
1.
Those mountains have been standing for millions of years.
present/present participle/past/past participle
2.
Samantha likes reading books.
present/present participle/past/past participle
3.
Nuremburg, Germany, has held a Christmas market every year for hundreds of years.
present/present participle/past/past participle
4.
That spooky movie gave me nightmares.
present/present participle/past/past participle
5.
Paxwalked to his girlfriend's house five miles away.
present/present participle/past/past participle
6.
I hope the otters are not sleeping when we visit the zoo this time.
present/present participle/past/past participle
7.
My sister's car has broken down twice.
present/present participle/past/past participle
8.
Is that your cell phone ringing?
present/present participle/past/past participle
9.
Cody came home and slumped on the sofa, too tired to do his homework.
present/present participle/past/past participle
10.
You might have done better if you had worn your glasses.
present/present participle/past/past participle
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 7:
Irregular Verbs
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Definition:
Irregular verbs are verbs that do not form the past and participle by adding -ed. All irregular verbs form the present participle by adding -ing. Irregular verbs may change vowels, consonants, both vowels and consonants, or may stay the same.
Infinitive
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
to run
run(s)
running
ran
run
to drive
drive(s)
driving
drove
driven
to begin
begin(s)
beginning
began
begun
The verb to be is the most irregular verb in English.
Infinitive
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
to be
am / are / is
being
was / were
been
Irregular verbs can be sorted into groups by pattern, but the patterns don't help you remember the forms. For the most part, these need to be memorized. Most people memorize them simply by hearing them, reading them, or being corrected.
The patterns are:
present, past, and past participle are the same. (put/put/put)
past and past participle are the same (catch/caught/caught)
past + n or en forms past participle (freeze/froze/frozen)
present + n/en/ne forms past participle (do/did/done)
final vowel changes from i in present to a in past to u in past participle. (begin/began/begun)
Hint:
If you aren't sure, look up the verb in the dictionary. If the verb is irregular, the dictionary will give you the past and past participle form.
Try it out:
Fill in each column for the given verb. Then check your work. Practice the ones you miss.
Infinitive
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past
Participle
to seek
to swing
to choose
to get
to drink
to swim
to bring
to ride
to begin
to drive
to know
to write
to sink
to burst
to cost
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.
1.
In the past I haveflew/flownon airplanes many times.
2.
Mothercut/cuttedherself while she was cooking dinner.
3.
My grandmother hasknew/knownher best friend for sixty years.
4.
If our train hadn't been late, we would havewent/goneto the Vatican today.
5.
I wish you hadkeeped/keptmy secret.
6.
I looked all over for my homework, but it must have beenthrowed/thrownaway.
7.
After buying a new set of golf clubs, Ronquit/quittedplaying golf.
8.
I am excited to report that our school's teamwinned/wonthe math competition.
9.
I was sure youknew/knowedthe answer to that question.
10.
When the windblew/blowedthe tree down, we knew it was sick.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 8:
Tenses of Verbs
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Definition:
Tenses tell us when an action happened.
Simple Tenses
Simple Tenses
Past
Present
Future
walked
ate
walk(s)
eat(s)
will walk
will eat
Simple tenses use the past form, the present form, and the present form with the helping verb will.
Yesterday I walked home from school.
Every day I walk home from school, and my sister walks home from school.
Tomorrow I will walk home from school.
Perfect tenses show when an action happened in relation to another action. The action in the past perfect began and ended before the event or time it is being related to. The action in the present perfect began in the past and continues up to the present or has ended by the present. The action in the future tense will be finished a particular point in the future.
Perfect Tenses
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Future Perfect
had walked
had eaten
have walked
have eaten
will have walked
will have eaten
The perfect tenses use the helping verb to have (have/has, had) with the past participle of the verb. The verb to have changes to show the tense.
Yesterday I rode to school, but the day before I had walked to school.
Most days I walk to school, but for the last two weeks I have walked to school.
By the time I get to school tomorrow, I will have walked to school many times.
Progressive tenses show that an action is or was ongoing or continuing at the same time as something else. The present progressive tense is used to talk about something that is happening right now.
Progressive Tenses
Past Progressive
Present Progressive
Future Progressive
was walking
was eating
am walking
am eating
will be walking
will be eating
The progressive tenses use a form of the verb to be (am/is/are, was/were) and the present participle of the verb.
Yesterday I was walking to school when you saw me.
Most days I am walking to school when you see me.
Tomorrow I will be walking to school when you see me.
Perfect progressive tenses are a combination of perfect (completed before) and progressive (ongoing) tenses which show that something began, continued, and ended before another action mentioned.
Perfect Progressive Tenses
Past Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Future Perfect Progressive
had been walking
had been eating
have been walking
have been eating
will have been walking
will have been eating
The perfect progressive tenses combine the perfect (with have) and the progressive (with been) and the present participle of the verb.
Yesterday I had been walking to school when it started to rain.
Most days I have been walking to school when the weather is nice.
Tomorrow I will have been walking to school for six weeks straight.
Choosing the correct tense for use in a sentence requires you to pay close attention to the clues in the sentence.
Not a tense, but logically included in this section is the emphatic form. The emphatic form emphasizes that an action happened. It is also used in questions and in negative statements.
Emphatic Form
Past Emphatic
Present Emphatic
did walk
did eat
do/does walk
do/does eat
There is no future emphatic because
you can't emphasize something that
hasn't been done yet.
The emphatic form uses the verb to do with the present form of the verb.
Practice What You've Learned
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Part 1
Directions:
Identify the tense of the bold-faced verb.
1.
Yesterday we were walking along the river when we saw two otters.
present perfect/past progressive/future/emphatic
2.
Medieval painters made their paintbrushes from squirrel or mink tails.
future perfect/past/present progressive/past perfect progressive
3.
My little sister pretends her stuffed animals can talk.
present/emphatic/past progressive/future perfect progressive
4.
That blue car does get better gas mileage than the red one.
present/future perfect progressive/past progressive/emphatic
5.
My laptop has been working very slowly lately.
future/present perfect progressive/emphatic/past progressive
6.
This tree will have oranges on it in November.
present perfect progressive/future/past progressive/emphatic
7.
I hope Matthew has completed his science project.
present perfect/past perfect/future/emphatic
8.
Tomorrow we will have eaten pizza five days in a row.
present perfect progressive/past/future perfect/emphatic
9.
My Akita does love those treats, but my German shepherd doesn't.
present perfect/past progressive/future/emphatic
10.
The ancient Egyptians mummified their dead.
present perfect/past/future progressive/emphatic
Part 2
Directions:
Choose the correct tense of the verb to complete the sentence.
11.
By tomorrow wehave completed/will have completedour science project research.
12.
Michellehas been/goesto Paris six times.
13.
On our field trip next week, wewill have gone/will be goingto the local zoo.
14.
Yesterday Shellywill go/wentto the mall after school.
15.
Every day Danieleats/atea hot dog for lunch.
16.
This past month, my motherwill be growing/has been growingvegetables in her garden.
17.
In the Middle Ages, peoplewill believe/believedthat illness was caused by witchcraft.
18.
I hope tomorrowwas/will besunny, unlike today.
19.
After the spill last month, wedrank/drinkbottled water until the city said the water was safe.
20.
In the tournament, the boxersfought/will fightuntil the champion knocked out the contender.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 9:
Shifts in Verb Tense
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One day a princess went into the forest to play. She threw her golden ball into the air and almost caught it. It falls into the pond. She starts to cry. A frog hops onto a lilypad and asks her what is wrong. The princess told him that she had dropped her ball. He offered to get it for her.
Do you notice the problem?
Definition: A shift in verb tense is when the writer changes from one tense to another. Sometimes it is done on purpose, but some writers accidentally switch back and forth. Accidental shifting usually happens when a writer begins writing as if he or she is watching the story. It is usually told in past tense. Then as the writer gets absorbed in the story and feels like he or she is experiencing the story, the tense switches to present tense. When the writer gets distracted, the tense switches back to past tense.
It's important to choose a tense and stick to it. When you begin a piece, decide if it will be told in past or present tense. Most narratives or stories about things that have already happened use the past tense. Some authors use the present tense to pull the reader into the story. This can be very effective, but only if done carefully.
Note:
If you include dialogue, the quotations will usually be in a different tense (usually present tense) from the narration.
The example should read:
One day a princess went into the forest to play. She threw her golden ball into the air and almost caught it. It fell into the pond. She started to cry. A frog hopped onto a lilypad and asked her what was wrong. The princess told him that she had dropped her ball. He offered to get it for her.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Read the story. Pay attention to the clues as to the tense in which it should be written. Then click on any verbs that should be changed to the correct tense.
1.(10 points)
OnceuponatimethereisaboynamedJack.Agianthadstolenhisfather'streasures,agoldengooseandamagicharp,andhas killedhisfather.Jackandhismotherareverypoor.Theonlythingtheyhaveleftwasanoldcow.Jackwassupposedtosellthecowatthemarket,butinsteadhetradesitforahandfulofmagicbeans.Whenhismotherthrowsthemoutthewindow,theygrewintoabeanstalkthatreacheduptothegiant'shome.Jackclimbedupthebeanstalkandstealsbackthegoldengooseandthemagicharp.Hetricksthegiantandthegiant'swife.ThegiantchasedJackdownthebeanstalk,butJackcutsdownthebeanstalkandkilledthegiant.Jackandhismotherbecomerichandlivedhappilyeverafter.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 10:
Idiomatic Verbs
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If you wake up in the morning, is there anything up about how you wake?
If you tell someone to shut up (which we know is rude), what up are they supposed to shut?
Definition: Idiomatic verbs are idioms. Idioms don't mean what they seem to say. If understood literally, idioms often don't make sense. We understand idioms because we use them all the time. Idioms in any language are challenging for people learning that language.
Idiomatic verbs are also called phrasal verbs since it takes a phrase to make the meaning complete. They are made up of a verb and a preposition.
Examples:
Please fill out these forms so I can find out more about you.
If you fall behind in your homework, your parents will hear from your teacher.
If you blow up at your friends, it makes it harder to get along with them.
Hint:
Prepositions usually have objects when they are part of a prepositional phrase. If the preposition does not have an object and is not an adverb, it might be part of an idiomatic verb.
Even though their meaning is not literal, we understand idiomatic verbs because we use them frequently. When using idiomatic verbs, many new English speakers often make mistakes.
When writing idiomatic verbs, writers run into trouble when they put words between parts of an idiomatic verb. Other times, writers try to give intransitive idiomatic verbs direct objects.
Separable: Some idiomatic verbs are transitive and can be separated by a noun or pronoun.
You will need to work out that problem on your own.
You have worked the problem out.
Inseparable: Some are transitive but cannot be separated
My mother usually disagrees with my grandmother.
Incorrect: My mother usually disagrees her with.
Intransitive: Some are intransitive; they do not take a direct object.
If you fall behind, you will have to work hard to catch up.
Incorrect: You will have to catch your homework up.
Correct: You will have to catch up on your homework.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Click on all the words in each idiomatic verb. Some sentences may have more than one. Some idiomatic verbs may be separated.
1.
Youmighthavegottenawaywithplagiarizingessayswithyourlastteacher,butIdoubtyouwillbeabletofoolme.
2.
Everyyear,myunclestandsoutsidehisstoretogiveoutpoppiesonVeteransDay.
3.
Youmustgivethecellphoneyouborrowedbacktoyourfriendbeforeyoubreakit.
4.
Pleaserinsethedishesoffbeforeyouputtheminthedishwasher.
5.
IhopeIcancountonyourvoteinthestudentcouncilelections.
6.
Youwerejustshowingoffwhenyoutriedtorideyourskateboarddownthosestairs.
7.
Ifyoustanduptoabully,youcanoftengethimorhertobackdown.
8.
WealwayswaituntilThreeKings'DaytotakeourChristmastreelightsdown.
9.
NowthatIamthirteen,Ilookaftermyyoungersiblingsandfigureouttheirfavoritegames.
10.
TheQinhisnamestandsforQuentin.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 11:
Active vs. Passive Voice
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Definition:
If you are active, you are doing something. In a sentence written in active voice, the subject of the sentence is doing the verb.
The ladyplayed the piano.
The driverdrove the car.
Definition:
If you are passive, something is done to you. In a sentence written in passive voice, the subject of the sentence is having the action of the verb done to it by something else.
The pianowas played by the lady.
The race carwas driven by the driver.
When you write sentences with active voice, you can use more interesting verbs and your writing seems to move more quickly.
The children raced around the yard and climbed all over the jungle gym. They threw balls up in the air and dodged them as they came back down. (Your attention is on the moving children.)
When you write sentences with passive voice, you end up using more helping verbs, but it can be effective if you want to slow down the action of your writing and focus on a scene.
The jungle gym was being climbed on by the children. Balls were being thrown up in the air and dodged. (Your attention is on the objects, not the children.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as active or passive.
1.
The swings were broken by the teenagers, but now they are fixed.
active/passive
2.
The puppy tore at the stuffed animal until it got the squeaker out.
active/passive
3.
The waves pounded on the dunes during the storm.
active/passive
4.
Those orange trees have been growing here since the early 1900s.
active/passive
5.
That painting was painted by one of my students.
active/passive
6.
That race car was driven by Mario Andretti.
active/passive
7.
We swam in the pool all afternoon.
active/passive
8.
That book was written by my favorite author.
active/passive
9.
We roasted marshmallows over the fire in the fireplace.
active/passive
10.
We have camped in the forest with our friends.
active/passive
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 12:
Moods of Verbs
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Moods are as important in writing as they are in our lives. The mood of a sentence is expressed by the verb.
Definition:
Mood is how the speaker feels about what is being written or the way the thought is being expressed. The most commonly discussed moods are indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
Indicative mood is fact mood. It states, or indicates, a fact, asks a fact, or denies a fact.
Rain is falling. Is rain falling? Rain is not falling.
It can also state an opinion because opinions are stated as if they were facts.
That is a beautiful painting. Chocolate cookies are the best.
The simple, progressive, and perfect tenses are all indicative in mood. Most of the time we use indicative mood.
Note:
Interrogative mood is sometimes separated from indicative. Questions are interrogative.
Imperative mood is command mood. It gives a command, begs, or advises you to do something. The subject of all imperative sentences is the unstated you.
Do not forget your homework.
(You) do not forget your homework.
Imperative mood uses the base form of the verb (to do without to).
Subjunctive mood shows something hypothetical or contrary to fact. It might be a wish, a desire, a doubt, or an imaginary situation.
I wish school were over. (It's not over.) If school were over, I would take a nap. (It's not over.) If I were a teacher, I would never give homework. (You aren't a teacher.)
Indicative
Example
Subjunctive
Example
is
Jason is our nominee for president.
be
I suggest Jason be our nominee for president.
was
I was rich, but now I am poor.
were
I wish I were rich.
will
It will rain tomorrow.
would
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
present 3rd person verbs with s
He finds his socks in the morning.
without the s
I suggest he find his socks in the morning.
Hint:
The subjunctive is often used in clauses beginning with if or I wish.
Subjunctive mood can also express a demand or recommendation if it follows that, (after verbs like wish, hope, suggest, ask, demand, recommend, insist, order, command, advise, propose, requsest, urge) or an uncertainty if it follows if or whether.
I demand that you be at school on time.
I recommend that Sammido her homework at home.
Whether you be right or wrong, you must be polite.
The subjunctive mood often sounds funny because it is all but gone in informal English and is being used less and less in formal English. We tend to use the conditional mood with the helping verbs could and would instead. If you study foreign languages, though, you will encounter its use.
Some grammar experts include the conditional and infinitive moods. Most only talk about the indicative, the imperative, and the subjunctive.
Conditional mood shows under what conditions something might happen. It uses the helping verbs might, could, and would. It is often connected to a clause in the subjunctive mood.
I might be able to reach him if I call his cell phone.
Infinitive mood expresses action, but it doesn't have a subject. This often leads to sentence fragments. Infinitive verbs are not being used as verbs in the sentence. We consider them verbals and will explore them in the module on phrases.
To recieve a compliment graciously, just say thank you.
Wendall loves to read mystery novels.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.
1.
I will go to the grocery store on the way home.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
2.
Wash the dishes before you play your video games.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
3.
If you were to bring your dog to school, you would have to take it back home immediately.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
4.
Four more players will require four more playing pieces.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
5.
Daria wishes that she were taller.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
6.
I demand that the student answer the question clearly.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
7.
Catch the dog before she gets out the door.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
8.
If I were the teacher, I would know the answer.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
9.
It is important that Wesley try to solve the problems himself.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
10.
When I was little, I did believe in ghosts.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Review:
Using Tenses
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Principal Parts of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the principal part of the bold-faced verb.
1.
Have you seen my lost ferret?
present/present participle/past/past participle
2.
A long time ago, people believed dragons lived and guarded treasures.
present/present participle/past/past participle
3.
You should have put your homework where it wouldn't have gotten wet.
present/present participle/past/past participle
4.
If you buy a car, you need to make sure you keep it insured.
present/present participle/past/past participle
5.
That glass has been smoothed by the motion of the waves and sand.
present/present participle/past/past participle
Irregular Verbs
Directions:
Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.
6.
For my birthday, my grandmothergave/givenme her antique bike.
7.
My friends and I havebecame/becomevolunteers at the library.
8.
The bell to end class had alreadyrang/rungwhen I finished my test.
9.
Before I went swimming in the Atlantic Ocean in Florida, I hadswam/swumin the same ocean in Spain.
10.
Last weekend, wedrove/drivenfrom Miami to Key West.
Tenses of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the tense of the bold-faced verb.
11.
Next summer we will be getting our driver's licenses.
present/emphatic/future progressive/past perfect
12.
That bluejayis building a nest in our oak tree.
past perfect/present progressive/future/emphatic
13.
I saw horseshoe crab skeletons that had washed up on the shore.
past perfect/emphatic/present/future progressive
14.
Replicas of Christopher Columbus's ships will be sailing from Miami to New York.
present perfect/emphatic/future progressive/past
15.
If I watch that movie again, I will have seen it twenty times.
future perfect/past progressive/future/emphatic
Directions:
Choose the correct tense of the verb to complete the sentence.
16.
On Saturday Nikki built a snowman, but when she went to see it on Sunday, she found that itmelted/had melted.
17.
Last summer Iride/rodein a hot air balloon.
18.
Your mother says you mustfinish/finishedyour homework before you go outside to play.
19.
Before we moved to a new town, Iwent/had been goingto the same school since kindergarten.
20.
I hope theywill make/will be makinga movie based on my favorite mystery series.
Shifts in Verb Tense
Directions:
Read the story. Pay attention to the clues as to the tense in which it should be written. Then click on any verbs that should be changed to the correct tense.
21.(5 points)
Onceuponatime,asoldierwasreturningfromwarwhenhemeetsanoldwomanintheforest.Thewomantellshimthatifheclimbeddownatreetogetherlosttinderbox,shewouldtellhimhowtogetpastthethreedogsguardingchestsofmoney.Adogwitheyesasbigassaucersis guardingcoppercoins,adogwitheyesasbigasmill-stoneswasguardingsilvercoins,andadogwitheyesasbigastowerswasguardinggoldcoins.Shetoldhimhowtogetpastthedogsandgatherthecoins,sohefillshispocketswithmoneyandbroughtherthetinderbox.Hekilledherandkeptthetinderbox,whichcommandedthedogsandhelpshimbecomerich.
Idiomatic Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in each idiomatic verb. Some sentences may have more than one. Some idiomatic verbs may be separated.
22.
ItissohardtowakeuponMondaymornings.
23.
Don'tforgettowindyourwatchupsinceitdoesn'thavebatteries.
24.
MylittlesistertakesaftermyUncleCharles,whowasaconcertpianist.
25.
Ithinkyouwillhavetofaceuptothefactthatyouaren'tagoodenoughspellertowinthespellingbee.
26.
IfIturninearly,itiseasiertogetupearlythenextmorning.
Active vs. Passive Voice
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as active or passive.
27.
Those chocolate-covered potato chips were given to me by a friend.
active/passive
28.
We did put the puzzle together in our spare time.
active/passive
29.
That figurine was bought by my grandmother in Italy before World War II.
active/passive
30.
Those clothes were hidden in my grandmother's attic.
active/passive
31.
We were watching television all afternoon.
active/passive
Moods of Verbs
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.
32.
Until I figure out why the electricity is off, light that candle.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
33.
Are you sure this is the right street?
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
34.
The doctor suggested Quincy see a specialist about his skin problems.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
35.
I wish you were able to drive already.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
36.
Find yourself something to eat for lunch.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Quiz:
Using Tenses
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 13:
Agreement of Verbs
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Verbs must agree with their subjects in number. If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular. If the subject is plural, the verb must be plural.
One birdflies across the sky.
Two birdsfly across the sky.
Hint:
Be careful! To make a noun plural, we usually add s, but adding s to a verb makes it third-person singular.
Beware of contractions:
Does + not = doesn't (singular)
Do + not = don't (plural)
I don't, you don't, he or she doesn't, we don't, and they don't.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
My brother Alexlike/likesa girl named Elise.
2.
The ottersenjoy/enjoysswimming in the pond near my house.
3.
Those peppermint cookiesis/arethe best dessert I've had in a while.
4.
Motor vehiclesis/arenot allowed on the beach.
5.
The wind in Chicagoblows/blowoff the lake, causing the temperatures to drop.
6.
That companymake/makesits orange juice from oranges grown only in Florida.
7.
Those shoesdoesn't/don'tmatch that outfit.
8.
In Germany, some people stilluses/usereal candles on their Christmas trees.
9.
That vanilla orange candlesmells/smellthe best.
10.
That invasive kudzu vinegrows/growall over Florida.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 14:
Challenges in Verb Agreement
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Challenge 1: Compound Subjects
If the subjects are joined by and, you always use a plural verb. (Hint: one and one are always two.)
Mystery and fantasyare my two favorite genres.
My mother and my fatherare both home from work.
The exception to this is when and joins two nouns, but they are considered a single object.
Macaroni and cheese is my favorite after school snack. (It's not that macaroni is one of my favorites and cheese is my other. Macaroni and cheese is the name of a single dish.)
If the subjects are joined by orornor, you match the verb to the last subject in the list.
My parents or my sisteris in the kitchen.
My sister or my parentsare in the kitchen.
Challenge 2: Hard to Find Subjects
Sometimes the subject of a sentence can be hard to find.
In a question, the subject usually comes between parts of the verb. To find the subject, keep all the words and turn it into a declarative sentence.
Didyoudecide to keep that puppy?
Youdid decide to keep that puppy.
If a sentence begins with here or there, here or there is never the subject of the sentence. Usually the subject is after the verb. Find the verb and ask yourself who/what did it? You can also rearrange the sentence, switching the part after the verb with the part in front of the verb.
Here are the books from the library. (What are here? The books.)
The books from the library are here.
Sometimes a sentence is inverted. The sentence begins with a prepositional phrase and the subject has been placed after the verb. Find the verb and ask yourself who/what did it? You can also rearrange the sentence by switching the part after the verb with the part in front of the verb.
On the bench are my sister's gloves. (What are? The gloves.)
My sister's glovesare on the bench.
Challenge 3: Predicate Nouns
If a sentence with a linking verb has a predicate noun, the verb must still agree with the subject, not the predicate noun. The subject generally comes before the verb and the predicate noun after the verb. In a question, however, they both come after the verb.
Casey's Christmas presentwas two tickets to a concert.
The best time to call me is weekday evenings.
Aresports your favorite pastime?
Challenge 4: Prepositional Phrases after Subjects
Don't let yourself be tricked by prepositional phrases after the subject. Make sure you match your verb to the subject, not the object of the preposition.
The birds on the beach are seagulls.
That box of erasers belongs in my desk.
Hint: If you cross out the prepositional phrase, it is easier to find the subject.
The birdson the beachare seagulls.
That boxof erasersbelongs in my desk.
Challenge 5: Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns can be tricky! People often do not use the correct verb when speaking. Memorize the list of pronouns that can be both singular or plural. For those, you need to look at the prepositional phrase that follows. For the always singular or always plural indefinite pronouns, ignore the prepositional phrase.
Singular
Plural
Singular or Plural
another
each
either
much
neither
one
other
anybody, anyone, anything
everybody, everyone, everything
nobody, no one, nothing
somebody, someone, something
both
few
many
others
several
all
any
more
most
none
some
Everybodyhas a heart.
Bothhave driver's licenses.
All of the cakehas been eaten. (The cake is one big piece.)
All of the cookieshave been eaten. (Cookies are individuals.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
Julia and Jessicais/aretwins.
2.
Thereis/arethe house where my grandfather was born.
3.
Amelia and Jessieis/area great team when they play tennis together.
4.
The winning pairis/areMike and Luke.
5.
The tellers at that bank alwaysgreets/greeteach customer as he or she comes in.
6.
Spring and summeris/aremy favorite times of year.
7.
Doesn't/Don'tanyone here know how to reach Kirsten?
8.
The coldest time of year in Floridais/areusually January and February.
9.
Is/Arethat the movie you were telling me about?
10.
Thereis/aremany beautiful beaches in Hawaii.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 15:
More Challenges in Verb Agreement
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Challenge 6: Collective Nouns
Collective nouns appear to be singular nouns, but they mean a group. Sometimes the group acts as a whole. Other times the members of the group may be acting as individuals. You need to understand how the group is acting in order to choose the correct matching verb.
My familyis going to Germany for Christmas. (as a whole group)
My (whole) familyis going to Germany for Christmas.
My family usually buy their clothes at Jerry's Fine Fashions. (as individuals)
My family (members) usually buy their clothes at Jerry's Fine Fashions.
Challenge 7: Nouns that End in S
Some nouns end in s even though they are considered singular. These include words like mathematics, civics, measles, news, physics, acoustics, mumps, and molasses.
Mathematicsis my favorite class in school.
The mumpsis a very painful illness.
Some nouns that end in s are considered always plural such as scissors, pants, trousers, and shorts. They always take a plural verb.
These scissorsare mine.
Josh's pantsare getting too short.
Challenge 8: Titles of Works
Sometimes the title of a work of literature, art, or music appears to be plural. If it is only a singular work, it needs to be paired with a singular verb.
Parallel Journeystells the story of a boy and a girl during World War II.
The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyleis one of my favorite books.
Challenge 9: Measures and Amounts
When dealing with measurements and money, you have to determine whether you are talking about a number of individual measures or one amount.
Singular:
Seven dollarsis the cost of that cake. (one amount of money)
The dollaris accepted in many countries around the world. (one type of currency)
Two hoursis needed to complete this project. (one amount of time that lasts two hours)
Two-thirds of the lemonade has been finished off. (one quantity)
Plural:
Dollarsare accepted in most Israeli stores. (lots of them)
Two hourswere spent cleaning the garage Saturday and Sunday. (two one hour periods)
Two thirds of the students are on the field trip today. (individuals)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
"The War of the Worlds," by H. G. Wells,was/wereperformed on the radio and scared many people who thought aliens were really invading.
2.
The buffalo herdis/aregrazing in the meadow.
3.
The fleet of fishing boatsis/arestaying in port today because of the storm.
4.
Little Womenis/areone of my favorite books.
5.
The audiencehas/haveall taken their seats.
6.
For me, physicsis/aremore interesting than chemistry.
7.
The Three Musketeersis/arean exciting adventure book.
8.
The crewwas/wereeating their lunches in the shade.
9.
Is/Arethose eyeglasses the ones your literature teacher was looking for?
10.
The Screwtape Letterswas/werewritten by the same author as The Chronicles of Narnia.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 16:
Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
Score:
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Lie: to lie (yourself) down.
I lie down on my bed when I am tired.
Lay: to lay something else down.
I lay down my backpack in the hallway when I get home.
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past Participle
Lie (self)
lie
lying
lay
lain
Lay (object)
lay
laying
laid
laid
Notice that the transitive verb (the one you do to an object) is more regular than the intransitive verb (the one you do to yourself). Lay adds-ing and -ed (with a spelling change). Lie adds -ing, but changes to lay and lain.
I lie down on my bed when I am tired.
I am lying down on my bed right now.
I lay down on my bed yesterday.
In the past I have lain down on my bed.
I lay my backpack down in the hall.
I am laying my backpack down.
Yesterday I laid my backpack down.
In the past I have laid my back pack down.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
I was sure I hadlay/laidmy keys down by the front door, but somehow they got into the refrigerator.
2.
The tigerlaid/layin wait in the bushes, waiting for a deer to pass by.
3.
I have oftenlain/laidawake at night worrying about the next day.
4.
Allison usuallylies/laysher rings down on the sink when she washes her hands, but sometimes she forgets them.
5.
I knew my little brother waslying/layingin wait behind the door, waiting to jump out and scare me, but I played along.
6.
The lawyerlay/laidher files aside and spoke passionately to the jury.
7.
The accident victimlay/laidon the side of the road until the ambulance arrived.
8.
Julie islying/layingout her clothes for tomorrow.
9.
The castlelies/layson the bank of the Rhein River.
10.
Before we moved, my catlaid/layin the bathroom window whenever it was sunny.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 17:
Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Score:
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Sit: to sit (yourself) down.
I sit down on my bed when I am tired.
Set: to set something else down.
I set down my backpack in the hallway when I get home.
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past Participle
Sit (self)
sit
sitting
sat
sat
Set (object)
set
setting
set
set
Notice that the transitive verb (the one you do to an object) is more regular than the intransitive verb (the one you do to yourself). Set adds-ing to the present progressive, but the present, past, and past progressive are the same. Sit adds -ing, but changes to sat in the past and past progressive.
I sit down on my bed when I am tired.
I am sitting down on my bed right now.
I sat down on my bed yesterday.
In the past I have sat down on my bed.
I set my backpack down in the hall.
I am setting my backpack down.
Yesterday I set my backpack down.
In the past I have set my back pack down.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
Mom had justset/satthe phone down to call you when you walked in.
2.
The kingset/saton his throne.
3.
The mother dog carefully carried her puppies to her new bed andset/satthem down on the blanket.
4.
I thought my English teacher hadset/sattoo high a standard until I reached it.
5.
Where did youset/sitmy phone after you used it?
6.
We aresetting/sittingall those books on the table until the book sale.
7.
You need toset/sitstill if you want me to cut your hair straight.
8.
The spelling bee contestantsset/satin the chairs on the stage.
9.
I think your dog has beensetting/sittingin that same spot since you left this morning.
10.
David has beensetting/sittinghere waiting for you to get ready for at least a half an hour.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 18:
Difficult Verbs: Rise/Raise
Score:
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Rise: to rise (yourself).
I rise from my bed when I am no longer tired.
Raise: to raise something else.
I always raise my hand in class.
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past Participle
Rise (self)
rise
rising
rose
risen
Raise (object)
raise
raising
raised
raised
Notice that the transitive verb (the one you do to an object) is more regular than the intransitive verb (the one you do to yourself). Raise adds -ing and -ed. Rise adds-ing, but changes to rose and risen.
I rise in the morning when my alarm goes off.
I am rising from my bed right now.
I rose from my bed late yesterday.
In the past I have risen as early as 5:00.
I raise the window shade every morning.
I am raising the window shade now.
Yesterday I raised the window shade.
In the past I have raised the window shade.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
After the hurricane, many boat owners had to pay toraise/risetheir boats from the bottom of the river.
2.
I have a pan of bread doughraising/risingunder a towel on the kitchen counter.
3.
My aunt has her heart set onraising/risingchickens in her backyard.
4.
Karen hadraised/risenher hand first, but the teacher called on someone else.
5.
It seems that the price of soda keepsraising/rising.
6.
Afterraising/risingfive children, my parents are looking forward to having the house to themselves.
7.
I hope my parents will agree toraise/risemy allowance if I agree to do more chores.
8.
Our church group hasraised/risenenough money to package meals for 20,000 poor people in Africa.
9.
Youraised/roseseveral good objections to the plan, but we voted to go with it anyway.
10.
I hadraised/risenmy grades second quarter, but then I got lazy third quarter and they fell again.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Review:
Agreement and Difficult Verbs
Score:
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Verb Agreement
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
The Amazonian Indianshas/havepreserved their ancient way of life.
2.
Carmenbuys/buya new purse every month.
3.
Those elephantshas/havelearned how to do tricks.
4.
Leemakes/makethe best fudge I've ever tasted.
5.
Your lunchis/aregetting cold.
Verb Agreement Challenges
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
6.
Thereis/aremany more pyramids in Egypt besides the ones in Giza.
7.
Neither Lydia nor her brothersknows/knowhow to fix a flat tire.
8.
Hereis/arethe clay model Michelangelo used to create his famous sculpture.
9.
Either a teacher or two parentsworks/workeach shift in the concession stand.
10.
Theregoes/gothe wild parakeets you like to watch.
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
11.
Civicshas/havebeen added to our social studies curriculum this year.
12.
Half of the movies this weekendis/arerated R, so I won't be watching them.
13.
"Birches"is/area poem written by Robert Frost and published in 1915.
14.
The pride of lionswas/werenapping after feasting on the gazelle.
15.
Half of the onionswas/werepeeled and sliced.
Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
16.
These floor tiles havelaid/lainhere since my grandmother was a girl, so it is time to replace them.
17.
Alwayslay/liethose glass panes down very carefully.
18.
Veronalays/liesto the west of Venice, Italy, and is the setting of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
19.
The orchardlays/liesbeyond the trees behind my house.
20.
Those plankslaid/layin the garage for years before we used them to build a tree house.
Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
21.
The store usuallyset/sitsits sale merchandise on a table at the front of the store.
22.
If you are feeling faint, you shouldset/sitdown.
23.
Lydia hadset/satthe glasses in the china cabinet where they belonged.
24.
We have beensetting/sittinghere waiting for our appointment for an hour.
25.
Carlosset/sitthe ball down so that he could tie his shoes.
Difficult Verbs: Raise/Rise
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
26.
We will need toraise/riseearly if we want to watch the sunrise.
27.
One of the studentsraised/rosesome good concerns about the fundraising ideas.
28.
You may notraise/risefrom the table until you have asked to be excused.
29.
Denise and Dave hadraised/risenfour children and then adopted four more.
30.
I can't believe that the temperature hasraised/risenmore than twenty degrees in one day.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Quiz:
Agreement and Difficult Verbs
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English Grammar 101
Module 3:
Review Verbs
Score:
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Action Verbs
Directions:
Click on the action verbs in each phrase. Do not include their helping verbs if they have them.
1.
Lastweekendwewatchedthegame,playedMonopoly,andatepizza.
2.
Myfatherdoveintothepoolandswamfromoneendtotheother.
3.
Rainbowsonlyappearwhenlighthitsraindropsinthesky.
4.
Youstudiedhardforthistest,anditshowsthatyouhavelearnedthematerialwell.
Helping Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in the verb phrase in each sentence.
5.
Thoseboxesshouldhavebeenputonthattopshelf.
6.
Thebasketballplayercouldhavebrokenhiswristwhenhefell.
7.
Shouldyoubeplayingwiththatglasssculpture?
8.
Knightsmusthavebeenveryhotinallthatarmor.
Directions:
Click on all the helping verbs only in each sentence.
9.
Myfathercouldhavebeensleepingwhenwestartedourbandrehearsal.
10.
BytomorrowIwillhavedoneallmymissinghomework.
11.
Pleasetellmeyoudiddoyourchoresbeforeyouwentouttoplay.
12.
Youshouldhavetoldmethatchocolatechipcookieswereyourfavorite.
Linking Verbs
Directions:
Click on the linking verbs in each sentence.
13.
Thesandfeelshotonthesolesofmyfeet.
14.
Throwingbranchesofpinetreeintothefiremakesitsmellsonice.
15.
Thisboringmovieseemsneverending.
16.
Hailey'sbulldog'ssnoresaretheloudestI'veeverheard.
Directions:
Click only on the verbs that are linking verbs. Do not include helping verbs or action verbs.
17.
Mymomthinkspaperbooksarebetterthane-books.
18.
Thatnewcarlooksexpensivebutcostslessthantheotheroneslikeit.
19.
Ifyoubuyalotteryticket,Ihopeyouwillbelucky.
20.
Thatlakehasaverydeepbottom,soitseemsbottomless.
Action vs. Linking Verbs
Directions:
Identify the bold-faced verb as action or linking.
21.
Quit looking at me funny.
action/linking
22.
Your hair looks so shiny today.
action/linking
23.
Paul grew tired of waiting for his friends.
action/linking
24.
A grapefruit tree grew in my backyard for many years.
action/linking
The Verb To Be
Directions:
Identify how the verb to be is being used.
25.
Smoking is a great way to get cancer.
state-of-being/helping/linking
26.
Is your pool heated in the winter?
state-of-being/helping/linking
27.
We were in the movie theater when you called.
state-of-being/helping/linking
28.
Blue is my favorite color.
state-of-being/helping/linking
Principal Parts of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the principal part of the bold-faced verb.
29.
My father's cat jumps into every empty bag she finds.
present/present participle/past/past participle
30.
Mark should have looked before he jumped into that pond.
present/present participle/past/past participle
31.
Tracy is saving money to buy a new cell phone.
present/present participle/past/past participle
32.
My favorite authors have written many books that I have read multiple times.
present/present participle/past/past participle
Irregular Verbs
Directions:
Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.
33.
That new carcost/costedmore than my grandfather paid for his house.
34.
My grandfather oftenstanded/stoodon the balcony watching his grandchildren play in his backyard.
35.
I hope you onlyspended/spentwhat you could afford on those DVDs.
36.
My boatspringed/sprunga leak.
Tenses of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the tense of the bold-faced verb.
37.
Sam lights a fire in his fireplace every night in the winter.
present/past progressive/future/present perfect
38.
Some apple trees do grow in Florida.
emphatic/past progressive/present perfect/future
39.
Michael and Luis were working on their sculptures when Sheryl arrived.
present/future perfect progressive/past progressive/emphatic
40.
Last week Luca and Daniel went skateboarding in the new park by the mall.
future perfect/present progressive/past/past perfect progressive
Directions:
Choose the correct tense of the verb to complete the sentence.
41.
I can tell that youwill study/have studiedthis material before today.
42.
The ancient Egyptiansconstructed/had constructedthe pyramids using basic, simple tools.
43.
Next weekend welit/will lighta fire in the fireplace.
44.
The figurine on the top shelfbroke/has brokenwhen it was knocked off.
Shifts in Verb Tense
Directions:
Read the story. Pay attention to the clues as to the tense in which it should be written. Then click on any verbs that should be changed to the correct tense.
45.(4 points)
Onceuponatime,akinghadabeautifulbabygirl,soheholdsachristeningparty.Heinvitedallthegoodfairies,butforgottoinvitetheevilfairy,whoshowedupanywayandputsacurseonhisdaughter.Shegrewup,andonhersixteenthbirthday,pricksherfingeronaspinningwheelandshouldhavedied.Thankstothethirteenthgoodfairy,SleepingBeautyonlyfellintoadeepsleepthatlastedahundredyearsuntilthekissofaprinceendsthespellandwokeher.
Idiomatic Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in each idiomatic verb. Some sentences may have more than one. Some idiomatic verbs may be separated.
46.
Ithinkwewillbeabletogetbywiththosesmallerboardssodon'tthrowthemaway.
47.
Howmanybooksdidyoucheckoutfromthelibraryforyourresearchreport?
48.
Wewaitedforthestormtoblowoverbeforegoingoutside.
49.
Thisweekend,IamdeterminedtocatchuponalltheshowsI'verecordedonmyDVR.
Active vs. Passive Voice
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as active or passive.
50.
That clock's ticking is distracting me.
active/passive
51.
My sunglasses were broken when the ball hit me in the face.
active/passive
52.
Those two songs were written by the same person.
active/passive
53.
If you had put sunscreen on, you would not have gottena sunburn.
active/passive
Moods of Verbs
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.
54.
Watch out for that car!
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
55.
If I were rich, I would buy a better car.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
56.
I would buy you that ring if I had enough money.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
57.
Will we get to see the Colosseum on our trip to Rome?
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
Verb Agreement
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
58.
Jeremyhas/havesix brothers and sisters.
59.
Those birds next to the roadis/aresandhill cranes.
60.
That teddy bearbelongs/belongto my little brother.
61.
Those fence postswas/werebroken in the last hurricane.
Verb Agreement Challenges
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
62.
Most of the projectis/arecompleted.
63.
Was/Werethere enough cookies for the whole class?
64.
Cats and dogsmakes/makebetter pets than lions and wolves.
65.
Chicken and dumplingsis/areone of my favorite comfort foods.
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
66.
The measleshave/hasalmost been wiped out in the U.S. because of immunizations.
67.
Twenty dollarsis/areripped or torn.
68.
Half of the dictionaries in the roomis/arein need of repairs.
69.
The Comanche tribeis/arehosting a powwow in honor of the code talkers.
Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
70.
I havelain/layedon that futon before, but I prefer the sofa.
71.
My sister alwayslays/liesher backpack on my lunch box, squashing my sandwich.
72.
In the past, illuminatorslaid/laygold on top of a sticky paint to create gilded artwork.
73.
When we renovated the house, we discovered that the previous owners hadlaid/laincarpet on top of beautiful hardwood floors.
Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
74.
When you aresetting/sittingthe table, make sure you put the fork on the left.
75.
Pleaseset/sitat the far end of the table.
76.
Weset/satin the car for thirty minutes waiting for Julie to find the right pair of shoes.
77.
The box of photographs hadset/satin the bottom of the closet for years before anyone remembered they were there.
Difficult Verbs: Raise/Rise
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
78.
Please stand at attention while they areraising/risingthe flag.
79.
I knew the stove was still on when I saw steamraising/risingfrom the pot.
80.
My parents took my sister to the doctor after her feverrose/raisedduring the night.
81.
Fortunately Taylor hadraised/risenfrom her seat on the bench when the branch fell on it.
Score:
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1. Nouns
Pretest: Nouns
Lesson 1: What Is a Noun?
Lesson 2: Common and Proper Nouns
Lesson 3: Singular and Plural Nouns 1
Lesson 4: Singular and Plural Nouns 2
Lesson 5: Irregular Plural Nouns
Lesson 6: Compound Nouns
Lesson 7: Collective Nouns
Lesson 8: Possessive Nouns
Lesson 9: Classifying Nouns
Review: Nouns
Posttest: Nouns
2. Pronouns
Pretest: Pronouns
Lesson 1: Personal Pronouns
Lesson 2: Cases of Personal Pronouns
Lesson 3: Challenging Uses of Cases
Review: Pronoun Cases
Quiz: Pronoun Cases
Lesson 4: Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Lesson 5: Interrogative Pronouns
Lesson 6: Demonstrative Pronouns
Lesson 7: Relative Pronouns
Lesson 8: Indefinite Pronouns
Review: Types of Pronouns
Quiz: Types of Pronouns
Lesson 9: Pronoun Agreement
Lesson 10: Challenges in Pronoun Agreement
Lesson 11: Indefinite Pronoun Agreement
Review: Pronoun Agreement
Quiz: Pronoun Agreement
Review: Pronouns
Posttest: Pronouns
3. Verbs
Pretest: Verbs
Lesson 1: Action Verbs
Lesson 2: Helping Verbs
Lesson 3: Linking Verbs
Lesson 4: Action vs. Linking Verbs
Lesson 5: The Verb To Be
Review: Types of Verbs
Quiz: Types of Verbs
Lesson 6: Principal Parts of Verbs
Lesson 7: Irregular Verbs
Lesson 8: Tenses of Verbs
Lesson 9: Shifts in Verb Tense
Lesson 10: Idiomatic Verbs
Lesson 11: Active vs. Passive Voice
Lesson 12: Moods of Verbs
Review: Using Tenses
Quiz: Using Tenses
Lesson 13: Agreement of Verbs
Lesson 14: Challenges in Verb Agreement
Lesson 15: More Challenges in Verb Agreement
Lesson 16: Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
Lesson 17: Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Lesson 18: Difficult Verbs: Rise/Raise
Review: Agreement and Difficult Verbs
Quiz: Agreement and Difficult Verbs
Review: Verbs
Posttest: Verbs
4. Sentence Parts
Pretest: Sentence Parts
Lesson 1: Simple Subjects
Lesson 2: Simple Predicates
Lesson 3: Challenging Subjects
Lesson 4: Compound Subjects and Predicates
Lesson 5: Complete Subjects and Predicates
Review: Subjects and Predicates
Quiz: Subjects and Predicates
Lesson 6: Direct Objects
Lesson 7: Challenges with Direct Objects
Lesson 8: Indirect Objects
Lesson 9: Subject Complements
Lesson 10: Object Complements
Lesson 11: Distinguishing Between Objects and Complements
Lesson 12: Classifying Verbs
Review: Objects and Complements
Quiz: Objects and Complements
Review: Sentence Parts
Posttest: Sentence Parts
5. Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
Pretest: Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
Lesson 1: Adjectives
Lesson 2: Different Types of Adjectives
Lesson 3: Compound Adjectives
Lesson 4: Order of Adjectives
Review: Identifying Adjectives
Quiz: Identifying Adjectives
Lesson 5: Adverbs Modifying Verbs
Lesson 6: Adverbs Modifying Adjectives
Lesson 7: Adverbs Modifying Other Adverbs
Lesson 8: Special Types of Adverbs
Lesson 9: Adjective versus Adverb
Review: Identifying Adverbs
Quiz: Identifying Adverbs
Lesson 10: Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs
Lesson 11: Challenging Comparisons
Lesson 12: Challenging Adjectives and Adverbs
Lesson 13: Common Mistakes and Dangling Modifiers
Review: Using Adjectives and Adverbs
Quiz: Using Adjectives and Adverbs
Review: Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
Posttest: Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
6. Prepositions
Pretest: Prepositions
Lesson 1: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 2: Compound Prepositions and Compound Objects
Lesson 3: Preposition versus Adverb
Lesson 4: Adjective Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 5: Adverb Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 6: Prepositional Phrases as Nouns
Review: Prepositional Phrases
Quiz: Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 7: Layered Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 8: Adjective or Adverb Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 9: Placement Problems and Dangling Prepositions
Lesson 10: Troublesome Prepositions
Lesson 11: Commas with Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 12: Idiomatic Verbs
Review: Working with Prepositional Phrases
Quiz: Working with Prepositional Phrases
Review: Prepositions
Posttest: Prepositions
7. Conjunctions and Interjections
Pretest: Conjunctions and Interjections
Lesson 1: Coordinate Conjunctions
Lesson 2: Correlative Conjunctions
Lesson 3: Parallel Ideas
Lesson 4: Conjunctive Adverbs
Lesson 5: Subordinating Conjunctions
Lesson 6: Other Words that Act as Conjunctions
Lesson 7: As/As if Versus Like
Lesson 8: Interjections
Review: Conjunctions and Interjections
Posttest: Conjunctions and Interjections
8. Verbals and Phrases
Pretest:Verbals and Phrases
Lesson 1: Verbals
Lesson 2: Participles and Participial Phrases
Lesson 3: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Participial Phrases
Lesson 4: Misplaced Participial Phrases
Lesson 5: Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
Lesson 6: Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
Lesson 7: Classifying Verbals and Verbal Phrases
Review:Verbals
Quiz:Verbals
Lesson 8: Appositives and Appositive Phrases
Lesson 9: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Appositives
Lesson 10: Absolute Phrases
Review: Appositive and Absolute Phrases
Quiz: Appositive and Absolute Phrases
Review:Verbals and Phrases
Posttest:Verbals and Phrases
Coming Soon
9. Clauses (December 2015)
10. Capitalization
Pretest: Capitalization
Lesson 1: Names of People
Lesson 2: Titles
Lesson 3: Names of Places
Lesson 4: Names of Groups of People
Lesson 5: Names of Things
Lesson 6: Names in School
Lesson 7: Names on the Calendar
Lesson 8: Firsts
Lesson 9: Conventions
Review: Capitalization
Posttest: Capitalization
11. Punctuation
Pretest: Punctuation
Lesson 1: Period versus Question Mark
Lesson 2: Period versus Exclamation Point
Lesson 3: Period versus Question Mark, Exclamation Point
Lesson 4: Comma - Noun of Address
Lesson 5: Comma - Transitional Adverbs
Lesson 6: Comma - Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 7: Comma - Participial Phrases
Lesson 8: Comma - Participial Phrases versus Gerundial Phrases
Lesson 9: Comma - Introductory Dependent Clauses
Lesson 10: Comma - Absolute Expressions
Quiz: End Points and Commas
Lesson 11: Comma - Joining by Coordinate Conjunctions
Lesson 12: Comma - Joining by Coordinate Conjunctions (Continued)
Lesson 13: Comma - Parenthetical Expressions
Lesson 14: Comma - Words in Apposition
Lesson 15: Comma - Adjective Clauses
Lesson 16: Comma - Adjective Clauses (Continued)
Lesson 17: Comma - Quotations and the Comma
Lesson 18: Comma - Dates and the Comma
Lesson 19: Comma - Addresses and the Comma
Lesson 20: Comma - Items in a Series
Lesson 21: Comma - Modifiers in a Series
Quiz: End Points and More Commas
Lesson 22: Quotation Marks
Lesson 23: Question Marks versus Other Marks of Punctuation
Lesson 24: Quotation Marks versus Underscores and Italics
Lesson 25: Quotation Marks - Ellipsis Points and Brackets
Lesson 26: Parentheses - Enclosing the Parenthetical Expression
Lesson 27: Dash - Enclosing the Parenthetical Expression
Lesson 28: Dash - Joining Independent Statements
Lesson 29: Semicolon - Joining Independent Clauses
Lesson 30: Semicolon - Separating Items in a Series
Lesson 31: Colon - Introducing the Following
Lesson 32: Virgule (Slash)
Quiz: Punctuation
Review: Punctuation
Posttest: Punctuation
14. Troublesome Words
Pretest: Troublesome Words
Lesson 1: Accept versus Except
Lesson 2: Affect versus Effect
Lesson 3: Advice versus Advise
Lesson 4: All Ready versus Already
Lesson 5: All-round versus All Around
Lesson 6: All Together versus Altogether
Lesson 7: All Ways versus Always
Lesson 8: Allay versus Alley, Ally
Lesson 9: Allude versus Elude
Lesson 10: Allusion versus Illusion
Quiz: Cumulative I
Lesson 11: Alternate versus Alternative
Lesson 12: Among, Amongst versus Between
Lesson 13: Apprehend versus Comprehend
Lesson 14: Award versus Reward
Lesson 15: Bad versus Badly
Lesson 16: Can versus May
Lesson 17: Born versus Borne
Lesson 18: Breath versus Breathe
Lesson 19: Bring, Carry, Fetch versus Take
Lesson 20: Anger, Angry versus Mad
Lesson 21: Censor versus censure
Lesson 22: Complement versus compliment
Quiz: Cumulative II
Lesson 23: Council versus Counsel
Lesson 24: Continual, Continuous versus Consecutive
Lesson 25: Emigrate versus Immigrate
Lesson 26: Farther versus Further
Lesson 27: Its versus It's, 'Tis
Lesson 28: Lie, Lying, Lay, Lain versus Lie, Lying, Lied, Lied
Lesson 29: Lie, Lying, Lay, Lain versus Lay, Laying, Laid, Laid
Lesson 30: Notable versus Notorious, Notoriety
Lesson 31: Persecute versus Prosecute
Quiz: Cumulative III
Lesson 32: Principal versus Principle
Lesson 33: Set versus Sit
Lesson 34: Stationary versus Stationery
Lesson 35: Their versus There, They're
Lesson 36: Whether versus Weather
Lesson 37: You and I versus You and Me
Lesson 38: To versus Too, Two
Lesson 39: Sight versus Site, Cite
Lesson 40: Capital versus Capitol
Quiz: Cumulative IV
Review: Troublesome Words
Posttest: Troublesome Words
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 1:
Action Verbs
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Verbs fall into three cagetories: action, helping, and linking.
Definition: Action verbs name a physical or mental (abstract) action.
Catsmeow loudly. (physical)
Trucks speed down the highway. (physical)
Waves crash on the shore. (physical)
Students learn new material. (abstract)
Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive action verbs "transfer" their action to a direct object. Intransitive action verbs have nothing to "transfer" their action to.
The actress wiped the tears from her eyes. (transitive - Wiped what? Wiped tears.)
The windshield wipers wiped across the windshield. (intransitive - Wiped what? Nothing.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Click on the action verbs in each phrase.
1.
Whenyourideyourjetski,alwayswearyourlifejacket.
2.
Ifyoucookthatchicken,pleasethawitfirst.
3.
WhenIwatchmovies,Ialwayseatpopcorn.
4.
IusedmynewcamerawhenItookthosepictures.
5.
Weoftenwonderwhatwewilldoafterwegraduatefromhighschool.
6.
Theprincipalwalkedintotheclassroom,satinthebackrow,andobservedtheclass.
7.
Thefireburnedbrightlyinthefireplaceasthechildrenroastedmarshmallows.
8.
Mylittlecousinoftenpretendsthatsheunderstandswhatourdogsays.
9.
Mysisterjumpedintothepoolandsplashedwateralloverthedrytowels.
10.
OnSaturdayswecooktacosandeatthemwhilewewatchtelevision.
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 2:
Helping Verbs
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Definition:
The second category of verbs is helping verbs. Also called auxiliary verbs, helping verbs help the main verb show tense or possibility.
Helping verbs + main verbs = verb phrases. The main verb is always the last verb in the phrase.
The most common helping verbs are
· to be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
These are used in progressive tenses and passive voice verbs.
I am writing this sentence.
This sentence was written.
· to have: have, has, had
These are used in perfect tenses.
I have read many, many books.
· to do: do, does, did, done
These are emphatic verbs. They don't change tense. They just emphasize the main verb.
I do know your uncle.
· conditionals (also called modal auxiliaries): could, should, would, can, shall, will, may, might, must
These express possibility, obligation, permission, ability, necessity, and intention.
I could play basketball. (It is a possibility that I will be able to.)
I should play basketball. (I have an obligation to do it.)
I would play basketball. (It is a possibility under certain conditions.)
I can play basketball. (I am able to do it.)
I shall play basketball. (used more in British English for first person instead of will [I shall, you will].)
I will playbasketall. (It is my intention in the future.)
I may play basketball. (I have permission to do it, or it is a possibility.)
I might play basketball. (It is a possibility.)
I must play basketball. (It is a necessity.)
Challenge 1: Watch out for questions! The subject of the question is often between the helping verb and the main verb. If you keep all the words and rearrange the sentence to a declarative sentence, it may be easier to find the verb phrase.
Are you coming to my party?
You are coming to my party.
Challenge 2: Sometimes the verb phrase can be interrupted by an adverb. Be careful not to include the adverb in the verb phrase. Only verbs on the "Approved List of Helping Verbs" can be helping verbs.
Approved List of Helping Verbs
to be
to have
to do
Conditionals
am
are
is
was
were
be
being
been
have
has
had
having
do
does
did
doing
done
could
should
would
can
shall
will
may
might
must
Hint:
Remember don't, doesn't, and didn't are contractions for do not, does not, and did not. The not is not a helping verb.
Practice What You've Learned
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Part 1
Directions:
Click on all the words in the verb phrase in each sentence.
1.
Tomorrowwewillbeplayingsoccer.
2.
Youshouldhavecleanedyourroom.
3.
Samdiddothedishes.
4.
Shouldyoubeeatingthatmuchcandy?
5.
Earlyscientistsmusthavewonderedaboutthestrangeanimalsatthebottomoftheocean.
6.
Acarmusthavedrivenhereonthebeach.
7.
St.Augustine,Floridawouldhavebeenahotplacetoliveinthe1600s.
8.
Haveyoubeendoingyourhomework?
9.
Thatsatelliterocketshouldhavelaunchedbynow.
10.
Myfourcanariescouldhaveflownaway.
Part 2
Directions:
Click on all the helping verbs only in each sentence.
11.
Youshouldhavebeenpracticingyourfreethrowsbeforethelastgame.
12.
WemightbeseeingthepyramidsonourtriptoEgypt.
13.
Thatpicturemayhavebeencutoutofamedievalmanuscript.
14.
Thatcrashmusthavebeencausedbytextingwhiledriving.
15.
WewillnotbeshoppingatthemallonBlackFriday.
16.
Canyouhelpmefindmylostkeys?
17.
WewouldhavebeenhereontimeifSamhadn'tbrokenhisankle.
18.
Myauntandunclewillsoonbevisitingusforthesummer.
19.
In2013HannukahandThanksgivingwerecelebratedonthesameday.
20.
Iamsureyoudiddoyourhomework,butwhereisit?
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 3:
Linking Verbs
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Definition:
Unlike action verbs, linking verbs show a relationship between the subject of the sentence and a noun or adjective being linked to it.
My dog is an Akita. (Dog and Akita are linked because they are the same thing.)
My cat is very furry. (Cat and furry are linked because furry describes the cat.)
The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb to be:am, is, are, was, were, being, been.
Other common linking verbs include: appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn.
If left too long, that milk may turn sour.
I feel refreshed after that nap.
To check if these are being used as linking verbs, try replacing them with the correct form of to be. If they make sense and have almost the same meaning, they are linking verbs.
Laurie appears tired.
Laurie appearsis tired.
Practice What You've Learned
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Part 1
Directions:
Click on the linking verbs in each sentence.
1.
Thoseloud,annoyingbirdsarewildmonkparakeets.
2.
Mymomisagreatcook.
3.
Cigarettesareverybadforyourhealth.
4.
ThosepotterydishesarePolish.
5.
Youseemmorerelaxednow.
6.
Thebowlofstrange,greenstuffintherefrigeratorsmellsfunky.
7.
Thepyramidsareanamazingfeatofengineering.
8.
Ifyoupractice,youmaybecomeachampion.
9.
Thatkitten'sfurfeelssosoft.
10.
Thatcoffeepotwasmygrandmother's.
Part 2
Directions:
Click only on the verbs that are linking verbs. Do not include helping verbs or action verbs.
11.
Ihaveacold,andIfeelmiserable.
12.
Theseorangeslookverybrightandtasteexceptionallysweet.
13.
Thatcrookconnedmoneyfromoldladiesandgrewveryrich.
14.
Thatmovielooksgood.Weshouldgoseeit.
15.
Thesejeansfeeltootight.Theymustbelongtomylittlesister.
16.
Thewavescrashedontheshorewheretheyfeltcoolonmyhotfeet.
17.
Thosemonstersseemscary,buttheywon'thurtanyone.
18.
Medievalswordsweresharp,sopagesusedwoodenonesforpractice.
19.
RomeoandJulietismyfather'sfavoriteplay;hehasseenitsixtimes.
20.
Kelly'scarwasblueuntilshedamageditandhaditrepainted.
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 4:
Action vs. Linking Verbs
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The verbs appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn can act either as linking verbs or action verbs. You have to understand the relationships in the sentence.
Action:
Kelly grows sunflowers in her yard. (Kelly takes the sunflowers and grows them.)
Linking:
Kelly grows tired after hours of gardening. (Tired describes Kelly. Kelly is tired.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify the bold-faced verb as action or linking.
1.
The magician appeared onstage in a cloud of smoke.
action/linking
2.
Ellie appeared tired after working six hours of overtime.
action/linking
3.
Take your umbrella in case the weather turns ugly.
action/linking
4.
To open that puzzle box, turn the circle one twist to the right.
action/linking
5.
My aunt in Louisiana grows the most beautiful roses.
action/linking
6.
My grandmother told my sister that she grows more beautiful every year.
action/linking
7.
Can you smell that strange odor?
action/linking
8.
It really smells strange.
action/linking
9.
I hope we will stay friends after we graduate.
action/linking
10.
We always stay in a castle when we visit England.
action/linking
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 5:
The Verb To Be
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The verb to be can be used as 3 different types of verbs.
State-of-being:
Wendell is here today. (Wendell is being, and he's doing it here.)
Helping:
Irena is listening to the teacher. (Is helps listening show that it is ongoing.)
Linking:
Daphne is very kind. (Is links Daphne and the adjective kind.)
Hint:
If to be is followed by when or where (an adverb), it is a state-of-being verb.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify how the verb to be is being used.
1.
Felicia is my best friend.
state-of-being/helping/linking
2.
Is David here today?
state-of-being/helping/linking
3.
I hope Joelyis coming to my house this weekend.
state-of-being/helping/linking
4.
Sammi and Laciwere best friends until they had a fight.
state-of-being/helping/linking
5.
The Romans were tolerant of other cultures in their empire.
state-of-being/helping/linking
6.
We will be at your house next weekend.
state-of-being/helping/linking
7.
We were walking down the street when we saw the hawk.
state-of-being/helping/linking
8.
You should be happy to see your grandparents.
state-of-being/helping/linking
9.
A fire in the fireplace is comforting on a cold night.
state-of-being/helping/linking
10.
The lost dog was in our backyard.
state-of-being/helping/linking
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Review:
Types of Verbs
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Action Verbs
Directions:
Click on the action verbs in each phrase.
1.
Pleasedriveyourbrothertoschoolbeforeyougotowork.
2.
PresidentLincolnhopedthatslaverywouldendwhenhegavetheGettysburgAddress.
3.
Thethreegirlstalkedastheywalkedthroughthecorridor.
4.
Ifyoudropthatcementblockonyourtoe,yourtoemightbreak.
5.
Mycomputerfroze,soIrebootedit.
Helping Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in the verb phrase in each sentence.
6.
Thosebookscouldhavebeenshelvedmoreneatly.
7.
WillJessicabecomingwithustothemovies?
8.
OurfamilywillbegoingtoGermanyforChristmas.
9.
Thatilluminatormusthaveusedamagnifyingglasstopaintthattinypicture.
10.
Mydogmighthaveeatenyourpizza.
Directions:
Click on all the helping verbs only in each sentence.
11.
Youshouldbetakingyourvitaminseverymorning.
12.
Pompeiimusthavehadmanybeautifulvillasbeforethevolcanodestroyedit.
13.
Mysisterwillusuallybeseenreadingontheplayground.
14.
Shouldshebeeatinginthecomputerlab?
15.
Youshouldhavebeenpayingattentiontothepotonthestove.
Linking Verbs
Directions:
Click on the linking verbs in each sentence.
16.
Theoceanfeelsmuchwarmertoday.
17.
Thatbirdlooksmuchheavierthanitis.
18.
Mysisterismybestfriend.
19.
LastTuesdaywasCamille'sbirthday.
20.
ArethaFranklinisanamazingsinger.
Directions:
Click only on the verbs that are linking verbs. Do not include helping verbs or action verbs.
21.
Mypuppy'scoatfeelssosoftaftershe'shadabath.
22.
DavidwasmybestfriendinfourthgradeuntilhemovedtoGeorgia.
23.
Christmasismyfavoritetimeofyear,soIenjoydecoratingthehouse.
24.
Thatcoatseemstoosmallforyou.Ithinkyoushouldbuyalargersize.
25.
Thosetacossmelldelicious,buttheywillgivemeheartburn.
Action vs. Linking Verbs
Directions:
Identify the bold-faced verb as action or linking.
26.
This batch of fudge tastes better than the last batch.
action/linking
27.
Please taste this soup and see if it is too salty.
action/linking
28.
The doctor felt my throat to see if my glands were swollen.
action/linking
29.
I feel a bit nauseous after eating so much.
action/linking
30.
I often become energized after working out at the gym.
action/linking
The Verb To Be
Directions:
Identify how the verb to be is being used.
31.
Forensic science is a field that really interests me.
state-of-being/helping/linking
32.
I can't believe we are in Paris!
state-of-being/helping/linking
33.
Frank was given that new cell phone by his uncle.
state-of-being/helping/linking
34.
We will be going to Chicago when we leave New York.
state-of-being/helping/linking
35.
My favorite gelato flavor isstraciatella (chocolate chip).
state-of-being/helping/linking
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Quiz:
Types of Verbs
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 6:
Principal Parts of Verbs
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Definition:
In English there are four principal parts, or forms, of a verb.
If you study foreign languages, many languages have six forms of each verb for each tense. That's a lot of memorizing. English uses helping verbs and the four principal parts to show the tenses.
base/present
present participle
past
past participle
walk(s)
walking
walked
walked
dance(s)
dancing
danced
danced
study(s)
studying
studied
studied
Regular Verbs:
Base/Present - same as infinitive without to. Add -s to form third person singular.
Present Participle - add -ing.
Past - add -ed
Past Participle - add -ed
Note:Participles function as part of a verb phrase. They can't be used as verbs by themselves. They must have a helping verb in order to make sense.
My sister is walking to school today.
Before leaving, we made sure we had walked the dog.
When adding endings to verbs, you sometimes have to change the spelling.
Do change:
Single syllable verbs generally double the consonant when adding -ing and -ed.
shop + s = shops, shop + ing = shopping, shop + ed = shopped
Verbs that end with a single vowel and a consonant that stress the end of the word usually double the consonant before adding -ing and -ed.
refer + s = refers, refer + ing = referring, refer + ed = referred
To add -s or -ed to verbs that end in consonant y, change y to i before adding the ending. To add -ing, don't change the y.
carry + s = carries, carry + ing = carrying, carry + ed = carried
To add -ed or -ing to verbs that end in silent e, drop the e before adding -ed or -ing.
amaze + s = amazes, amaze + ing = amazing, amaze + ed = amazed
Verbs that end in a vowel followed by an l usually double the l before adding -ed or -ing in British English, but usually don't in American English.
American: travel + s = travels, travel + ing = traveling, travel + -ed = traveled.
British: travel + s = travels, travel + ing = travelling, travel + -ed = travelled
Verbs that end in c usually add k before adding endings.
frolic + s = frolics, frolic + ing = frolicking, frolic + ed = frolicked
Don't change:
If the verb ends with a single vowel before a consonant, but the last syllable is not stressed, don't double the consonant.
wander + s = wanders, wander + ing = wandering, wander + ed = wandered
Verbs with a double vowel before a consonant do not double the consonant.
retreat + s = retreats, retreat + ing = retreating, retreat + ed = retreated
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify the principal part of the bold-faced verb.
1.
Those mountains have been standing for millions of years.
present/present participle/past/past participle
2.
Samantha likes reading books.
present/present participle/past/past participle
3.
Nuremburg, Germany, has held a Christmas market every year for hundreds of years.
present/present participle/past/past participle
4.
That spooky movie gave me nightmares.
present/present participle/past/past participle
5.
Paxwalked to his girlfriend's house five miles away.
present/present participle/past/past participle
6.
I hope the otters are not sleeping when we visit the zoo this time.
present/present participle/past/past participle
7.
My sister's car has broken down twice.
present/present participle/past/past participle
8.
Is that your cell phone ringing?
present/present participle/past/past participle
9.
Cody came home and slumped on the sofa, too tired to do his homework.
present/present participle/past/past participle
10.
You might have done better if you had worn your glasses.
present/present participle/past/past participle
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 7:
Irregular Verbs
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Definition:
Irregular verbs are verbs that do not form the past and participle by adding -ed. All irregular verbs form the present participle by adding -ing. Irregular verbs may change vowels, consonants, both vowels and consonants, or may stay the same.
Infinitive
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
to run
run(s)
running
ran
run
to drive
drive(s)
driving
drove
driven
to begin
begin(s)
beginning
began
begun
The verb to be is the most irregular verb in English.
Infinitive
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
to be
am / are / is
being
was / were
been
Irregular verbs can be sorted into groups by pattern, but the patterns don't help you remember the forms. For the most part, these need to be memorized. Most people memorize them simply by hearing them, reading them, or being corrected.
The patterns are:
present, past, and past participle are the same. (put/put/put)
past and past participle are the same (catch/caught/caught)
past + n or en forms past participle (freeze/froze/frozen)
present + n/en/ne forms past participle (do/did/done)
final vowel changes from i in present to a in past to u in past participle. (begin/began/begun)
Hint:
If you aren't sure, look up the verb in the dictionary. If the verb is irregular, the dictionary will give you the past and past participle form.
Try it out:
Fill in each column for the given verb. Then check your work. Practice the ones you miss.
Infinitive
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past
Participle
to seek
to swing
to choose
to get
to drink
to swim
to bring
to ride
to begin
to drive
to know
to write
to sink
to burst
to cost
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.
1.
In the past I haveflew/flownon airplanes many times.
2.
Mothercut/cuttedherself while she was cooking dinner.
3.
My grandmother hasknew/knownher best friend for sixty years.
4.
If our train hadn't been late, we would havewent/goneto the Vatican today.
5.
I wish you hadkeeped/keptmy secret.
6.
I looked all over for my homework, but it must have beenthrowed/thrownaway.
7.
After buying a new set of golf clubs, Ronquit/quittedplaying golf.
8.
I am excited to report that our school's teamwinned/wonthe math competition.
9.
I was sure youknew/knowedthe answer to that question.
10.
When the windblew/blowedthe tree down, we knew it was sick.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 8:
Tenses of Verbs
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Definition:
Tenses tell us when an action happened.
Simple Tenses
Simple Tenses
Past
Present
Future
walked
ate
walk(s)
eat(s)
will walk
will eat
Simple tenses use the past form, the present form, and the present form with the helping verb will.
Yesterday I walked home from school.
Every day I walk home from school, and my sister walks home from school.
Tomorrow I will walk home from school.
Perfect tenses show when an action happened in relation to another action. The action in the past perfect began and ended before the event or time it is being related to. The action in the present perfect began in the past and continues up to the present or has ended by the present. The action in the future tense will be finished a particular point in the future.
Perfect Tenses
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Future Perfect
had walked
had eaten
have walked
have eaten
will have walked
will have eaten
The perfect tenses use the helping verb to have (have/has, had) with the past participle of the verb. The verb to have changes to show the tense.
Yesterday I rode to school, but the day before I had walked to school.
Most days I walk to school, but for the last two weeks I have walked to school.
By the time I get to school tomorrow, I will have walked to school many times.
Progressive tenses show that an action is or was ongoing or continuing at the same time as something else. The present progressive tense is used to talk about something that is happening right now.
Progressive Tenses
Past Progressive
Present Progressive
Future Progressive
was walking
was eating
am walking
am eating
will be walking
will be eating
The progressive tenses use a form of the verb to be (am/is/are, was/were) and the present participle of the verb.
Yesterday I was walking to school when you saw me.
Most days I am walking to school when you see me.
Tomorrow I will be walking to school when you see me.
Perfect progressive tenses are a combination of perfect (completed before) and progressive (ongoing) tenses which show that something began, continued, and ended before another action mentioned.
Perfect Progressive Tenses
Past Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Future Perfect Progressive
had been walking
had been eating
have been walking
have been eating
will have been walking
will have been eating
The perfect progressive tenses combine the perfect (with have) and the progressive (with been) and the present participle of the verb.
Yesterday I had been walking to school when it started to rain.
Most days I have been walking to school when the weather is nice.
Tomorrow I will have been walking to school for six weeks straight.
Choosing the correct tense for use in a sentence requires you to pay close attention to the clues in the sentence.
Not a tense, but logically included in this section is the emphatic form. The emphatic form emphasizes that an action happened. It is also used in questions and in negative statements.
Emphatic Form
Past Emphatic
Present Emphatic
did walk
did eat
do/does walk
do/does eat
There is no future emphatic because
you can't emphasize something that
hasn't been done yet.
The emphatic form uses the verb to do with the present form of the verb.
Practice What You've Learned
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Part 1
Directions:
Identify the tense of the bold-faced verb.
1.
Yesterday we were walking along the river when we saw two otters.
present perfect/past progressive/future/emphatic
2.
Medieval painters made their paintbrushes from squirrel or mink tails.
future perfect/past/present progressive/past perfect progressive
3.
My little sister pretends her stuffed animals can talk.
present/emphatic/past progressive/future perfect progressive
4.
That blue car does get better gas mileage than the red one.
present/future perfect progressive/past progressive/emphatic
5.
My laptop has been working very slowly lately.
future/present perfect progressive/emphatic/past progressive
6.
This tree will have oranges on it in November.
present perfect progressive/future/past progressive/emphatic
7.
I hope Matthew has completed his science project.
present perfect/past perfect/future/emphatic
8.
Tomorrow we will have eaten pizza five days in a row.
present perfect progressive/past/future perfect/emphatic
9.
My Akita does love those treats, but my German shepherd doesn't.
present perfect/past progressive/future/emphatic
10.
The ancient Egyptians mummified their dead.
present perfect/past/future progressive/emphatic
Part 2
Directions:
Choose the correct tense of the verb to complete the sentence.
11.
By tomorrow wehave completed/will have completedour science project research.
12.
Michellehas been/goesto Paris six times.
13.
On our field trip next week, wewill have gone/will be goingto the local zoo.
14.
Yesterday Shellywill go/wentto the mall after school.
15.
Every day Danieleats/atea hot dog for lunch.
16.
This past month, my motherwill be growing/has been growingvegetables in her garden.
17.
In the Middle Ages, peoplewill believe/believedthat illness was caused by witchcraft.
18.
I hope tomorrowwas/will besunny, unlike today.
19.
After the spill last month, wedrank/drinkbottled water until the city said the water was safe.
20.
In the tournament, the boxersfought/will fightuntil the champion knocked out the contender.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 9:
Shifts in Verb Tense
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One day a princess went into the forest to play. She threw her golden ball into the air and almost caught it. It falls into the pond. She starts to cry. A frog hops onto a lilypad and asks her what is wrong. The princess told him that she had dropped her ball. He offered to get it for her.
Do you notice the problem?
Definition: A shift in verb tense is when the writer changes from one tense to another. Sometimes it is done on purpose, but some writers accidentally switch back and forth. Accidental shifting usually happens when a writer begins writing as if he or she is watching the story. It is usually told in past tense. Then as the writer gets absorbed in the story and feels like he or she is experiencing the story, the tense switches to present tense. When the writer gets distracted, the tense switches back to past tense.
It's important to choose a tense and stick to it. When you begin a piece, decide if it will be told in past or present tense. Most narratives or stories about things that have already happened use the past tense. Some authors use the present tense to pull the reader into the story. This can be very effective, but only if done carefully.
Note:
If you include dialogue, the quotations will usually be in a different tense (usually present tense) from the narration.
The example should read:
One day a princess went into the forest to play. She threw her golden ball into the air and almost caught it. It fell into the pond. She started to cry. A frog hopped onto a lilypad and asked her what was wrong. The princess told him that she had dropped her ball. He offered to get it for her.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Read the story. Pay attention to the clues as to the tense in which it should be written. Then click on any verbs that should be changed to the correct tense.
1.(10 points)
OnceuponatimethereisaboynamedJack.Agianthadstolenhisfather'streasures,agoldengooseandamagicharp,andhas killedhisfather.Jackandhismotherareverypoor.Theonlythingtheyhaveleftwasanoldcow.Jackwassupposedtosellthecowatthemarket,butinsteadhetradesitforahandfulofmagicbeans.Whenhismotherthrowsthemoutthewindow,theygrewintoabeanstalkthatreacheduptothegiant'shome.Jackclimbedupthebeanstalkandstealsbackthegoldengooseandthemagicharp.Hetricksthegiantandthegiant'swife.ThegiantchasedJackdownthebeanstalk,butJackcutsdownthebeanstalkandkilledthegiant.Jackandhismotherbecomerichandlivedhappilyeverafter.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 10:
Idiomatic Verbs
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If you wake up in the morning, is there anything up about how you wake?
If you tell someone to shut up (which we know is rude), what up are they supposed to shut?
Definition: Idiomatic verbs are idioms. Idioms don't mean what they seem to say. If understood literally, idioms often don't make sense. We understand idioms because we use them all the time. Idioms in any language are challenging for people learning that language.
Idiomatic verbs are also called phrasal verbs since it takes a phrase to make the meaning complete. They are made up of a verb and a preposition.
Examples:
Please fill out these forms so I can find out more about you.
If you fall behind in your homework, your parents will hear from your teacher.
If you blow up at your friends, it makes it harder to get along with them.
Hint:
Prepositions usually have objects when they are part of a prepositional phrase. If the preposition does not have an object and is not an adverb, it might be part of an idiomatic verb.
Even though their meaning is not literal, we understand idiomatic verbs because we use them frequently. When using idiomatic verbs, many new English speakers often make mistakes.
When writing idiomatic verbs, writers run into trouble when they put words between parts of an idiomatic verb. Other times, writers try to give intransitive idiomatic verbs direct objects.
Separable: Some idiomatic verbs are transitive and can be separated by a noun or pronoun.
You will need to work out that problem on your own.
You have worked the problem out.
Inseparable: Some are transitive but cannot be separated
My mother usually disagrees with my grandmother.
Incorrect: My mother usually disagrees her with.
Intransitive: Some are intransitive; they do not take a direct object.
If you fall behind, you will have to work hard to catch up.
Incorrect: You will have to catch your homework up.
Correct: You will have to catch up on your homework.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Click on all the words in each idiomatic verb. Some sentences may have more than one. Some idiomatic verbs may be separated.
1.
Youmighthavegottenawaywithplagiarizingessayswithyourlastteacher,butIdoubtyouwillbeabletofoolme.
2.
Everyyear,myunclestandsoutsidehisstoretogiveoutpoppiesonVeteransDay.
3.
Youmustgivethecellphoneyouborrowedbacktoyourfriendbeforeyoubreakit.
4.
Pleaserinsethedishesoffbeforeyouputtheminthedishwasher.
5.
IhopeIcancountonyourvoteinthestudentcouncilelections.
6.
Youwerejustshowingoffwhenyoutriedtorideyourskateboarddownthosestairs.
7.
Ifyoustanduptoabully,youcanoftengethimorhertobackdown.
8.
WealwayswaituntilThreeKings'DaytotakeourChristmastreelightsdown.
9.
NowthatIamthirteen,Ilookaftermyyoungersiblingsandfigureouttheirfavoritegames.
10.
TheQinhisnamestandsforQuentin.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 11:
Active vs. Passive Voice
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Definition:
If you are active, you are doing something. In a sentence written in active voice, the subject of the sentence is doing the verb.
The ladyplayed the piano.
The driverdrove the car.
Definition:
If you are passive, something is done to you. In a sentence written in passive voice, the subject of the sentence is having the action of the verb done to it by something else.
The pianowas played by the lady.
The race carwas driven by the driver.
When you write sentences with active voice, you can use more interesting verbs and your writing seems to move more quickly.
The children raced around the yard and climbed all over the jungle gym. They threw balls up in the air and dodged them as they came back down. (Your attention is on the moving children.)
When you write sentences with passive voice, you end up using more helping verbs, but it can be effective if you want to slow down the action of your writing and focus on a scene.
The jungle gym was being climbed on by the children. Balls were being thrown up in the air and dodged. (Your attention is on the objects, not the children.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as active or passive.
1.
The swings were broken by the teenagers, but now they are fixed.
active/passive
2.
The puppy tore at the stuffed animal until it got the squeaker out.
active/passive
3.
The waves pounded on the dunes during the storm.
active/passive
4.
Those orange trees have been growing here since the early 1900s.
active/passive
5.
That painting was painted by one of my students.
active/passive
6.
That race car was driven by Mario Andretti.
active/passive
7.
We swam in the pool all afternoon.
active/passive
8.
That book was written by my favorite author.
active/passive
9.
We roasted marshmallows over the fire in the fireplace.
active/passive
10.
We have camped in the forest with our friends.
active/passive
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 12:
Moods of Verbs
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Moods are as important in writing as they are in our lives. The mood of a sentence is expressed by the verb.
Definition:
Mood is how the speaker feels about what is being written or the way the thought is being expressed. The most commonly discussed moods are indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
Indicative mood is fact mood. It states, or indicates, a fact, asks a fact, or denies a fact.
Rain is falling. Is rain falling? Rain is not falling.
It can also state an opinion because opinions are stated as if they were facts.
That is a beautiful painting. Chocolate cookies are the best.
The simple, progressive, and perfect tenses are all indicative in mood. Most of the time we use indicative mood.
Note:
Interrogative mood is sometimes separated from indicative. Questions are interrogative.
Imperative mood is command mood. It gives a command, begs, or advises you to do something. The subject of all imperative sentences is the unstated you.
Do not forget your homework.
(You) do not forget your homework.
Imperative mood uses the base form of the verb (to do without to).
Subjunctive mood shows something hypothetical or contrary to fact. It might be a wish, a desire, a doubt, or an imaginary situation.
I wish school were over. (It's not over.) If school were over, I would take a nap. (It's not over.) If I were a teacher, I would never give homework. (You aren't a teacher.)
Indicative
Example
Subjunctive
Example
is
Jason is our nominee for president.
be
I suggest Jason be our nominee for president.
was
I was rich, but now I am poor.
were
I wish I were rich.
will
It will rain tomorrow.
would
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
present 3rd person verbs with s
He finds his socks in the morning.
without the s
I suggest he find his socks in the morning.
Hint:
The subjunctive is often used in clauses beginning with if or I wish.
Subjunctive mood can also express a demand or recommendation if it follows that, (after verbs like wish, hope, suggest, ask, demand, recommend, insist, order, command, advise, propose, requsest, urge) or an uncertainty if it follows if or whether.
I demand that you be at school on time.
I recommend that Sammido her homework at home.
Whether you be right or wrong, you must be polite.
The subjunctive mood often sounds funny because it is all but gone in informal English and is being used less and less in formal English. We tend to use the conditional mood with the helping verbs could and would instead. If you study foreign languages, though, you will encounter its use.
Some grammar experts include the conditional and infinitive moods. Most only talk about the indicative, the imperative, and the subjunctive.
Conditional mood shows under what conditions something might happen. It uses the helping verbs might, could, and would. It is often connected to a clause in the subjunctive mood.
I might be able to reach him if I call his cell phone.
Infinitive mood expresses action, but it doesn't have a subject. This often leads to sentence fragments. Infinitive verbs are not being used as verbs in the sentence. We consider them verbals and will explore them in the module on phrases.
To recieve a compliment graciously, just say thank you.
Wendall loves to read mystery novels.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.
1.
I will go to the grocery store on the way home.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
2.
Wash the dishes before you play your video games.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
3.
If you were to bring your dog to school, you would have to take it back home immediately.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
4.
Four more players will require four more playing pieces.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
5.
Daria wishes that she were taller.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
6.
I demand that the student answer the question clearly.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
7.
Catch the dog before she gets out the door.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
8.
If I were the teacher, I would know the answer.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
9.
It is important that Wesley try to solve the problems himself.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
10.
When I was little, I did believe in ghosts.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Review:
Using Tenses
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Principal Parts of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the principal part of the bold-faced verb.
1.
Have you seen my lost ferret?
present/present participle/past/past participle
2.
A long time ago, people believed dragons lived and guarded treasures.
present/present participle/past/past participle
3.
You should have put your homework where it wouldn't have gotten wet.
present/present participle/past/past participle
4.
If you buy a car, you need to make sure you keep it insured.
present/present participle/past/past participle
5.
That glass has been smoothed by the motion of the waves and sand.
present/present participle/past/past participle
Irregular Verbs
Directions:
Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.
6.
For my birthday, my grandmothergave/givenme her antique bike.
7.
My friends and I havebecame/becomevolunteers at the library.
8.
The bell to end class had alreadyrang/rungwhen I finished my test.
9.
Before I went swimming in the Atlantic Ocean in Florida, I hadswam/swumin the same ocean in Spain.
10.
Last weekend, wedrove/drivenfrom Miami to Key West.
Tenses of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the tense of the bold-faced verb.
11.
Next summer we will be getting our driver's licenses.
present/emphatic/future progressive/past perfect
12.
That bluejayis building a nest in our oak tree.
past perfect/present progressive/future/emphatic
13.
I saw horseshoe crab skeletons that had washed up on the shore.
past perfect/emphatic/present/future progressive
14.
Replicas of Christopher Columbus's ships will be sailing from Miami to New York.
present perfect/emphatic/future progressive/past
15.
If I watch that movie again, I will have seen it twenty times.
future perfect/past progressive/future/emphatic
Directions:
Choose the correct tense of the verb to complete the sentence.
16.
On Saturday Nikki built a snowman, but when she went to see it on Sunday, she found that itmelted/had melted.
17.
Last summer Iride/rodein a hot air balloon.
18.
Your mother says you mustfinish/finishedyour homework before you go outside to play.
19.
Before we moved to a new town, Iwent/had been goingto the same school since kindergarten.
20.
I hope theywill make/will be makinga movie based on my favorite mystery series.
Shifts in Verb Tense
Directions:
Read the story. Pay attention to the clues as to the tense in which it should be written. Then click on any verbs that should be changed to the correct tense.
21.(5 points)
Onceuponatime,asoldierwasreturningfromwarwhenhemeetsanoldwomanintheforest.Thewomantellshimthatifheclimbeddownatreetogetherlosttinderbox,shewouldtellhimhowtogetpastthethreedogsguardingchestsofmoney.Adogwitheyesasbigassaucersis guardingcoppercoins,adogwitheyesasbigasmill-stoneswasguardingsilvercoins,andadogwitheyesasbigastowerswasguardinggoldcoins.Shetoldhimhowtogetpastthedogsandgatherthecoins,sohefillshispocketswithmoneyandbroughtherthetinderbox.Hekilledherandkeptthetinderbox,whichcommandedthedogsandhelpshimbecomerich.
Idiomatic Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in each idiomatic verb. Some sentences may have more than one. Some idiomatic verbs may be separated.
22.
ItissohardtowakeuponMondaymornings.
23.
Don'tforgettowindyourwatchupsinceitdoesn'thavebatteries.
24.
MylittlesistertakesaftermyUncleCharles,whowasaconcertpianist.
25.
Ithinkyouwillhavetofaceuptothefactthatyouaren'tagoodenoughspellertowinthespellingbee.
26.
IfIturninearly,itiseasiertogetupearlythenextmorning.
Active vs. Passive Voice
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as active or passive.
27.
Those chocolate-covered potato chips were given to me by a friend.
active/passive
28.
We did put the puzzle together in our spare time.
active/passive
29.
That figurine was bought by my grandmother in Italy before World War II.
active/passive
30.
Those clothes were hidden in my grandmother's attic.
active/passive
31.
We were watching television all afternoon.
active/passive
Moods of Verbs
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.
32.
Until I figure out why the electricity is off, light that candle.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
33.
Are you sure this is the right street?
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
34.
The doctor suggested Quincy see a specialist about his skin problems.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
35.
I wish you were able to drive already.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
36.
Find yourself something to eat for lunch.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Quiz:
Using Tenses
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 13:
Agreement of Verbs
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Verbs must agree with their subjects in number. If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular. If the subject is plural, the verb must be plural.
One birdflies across the sky.
Two birdsfly across the sky.
Hint:
Be careful! To make a noun plural, we usually add s, but adding s to a verb makes it third-person singular.
Beware of contractions:
Does + not = doesn't (singular)
Do + not = don't (plural)
I don't, you don't, he or she doesn't, we don't, and they don't.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
My brother Alexlike/likesa girl named Elise.
2.
The ottersenjoy/enjoysswimming in the pond near my house.
3.
Those peppermint cookiesis/arethe best dessert I've had in a while.
4.
Motor vehiclesis/arenot allowed on the beach.
5.
The wind in Chicagoblows/blowoff the lake, causing the temperatures to drop.
6.
That companymake/makesits orange juice from oranges grown only in Florida.
7.
Those shoesdoesn't/don'tmatch that outfit.
8.
In Germany, some people stilluses/usereal candles on their Christmas trees.
9.
That vanilla orange candlesmells/smellthe best.
10.
That invasive kudzu vinegrows/growall over Florida.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 14:
Challenges in Verb Agreement
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Challenge 1: Compound Subjects
If the subjects are joined by and, you always use a plural verb. (Hint: one and one are always two.)
Mystery and fantasyare my two favorite genres.
My mother and my fatherare both home from work.
The exception to this is when and joins two nouns, but they are considered a single object.
Macaroni and cheese is my favorite after school snack. (It's not that macaroni is one of my favorites and cheese is my other. Macaroni and cheese is the name of a single dish.)
If the subjects are joined by orornor, you match the verb to the last subject in the list.
My parents or my sisteris in the kitchen.
My sister or my parentsare in the kitchen.
Challenge 2: Hard to Find Subjects
Sometimes the subject of a sentence can be hard to find.
In a question, the subject usually comes between parts of the verb. To find the subject, keep all the words and turn it into a declarative sentence.
Didyoudecide to keep that puppy?
Youdid decide to keep that puppy.
If a sentence begins with here or there, here or there is never the subject of the sentence. Usually the subject is after the verb. Find the verb and ask yourself who/what did it? You can also rearrange the sentence, switching the part after the verb with the part in front of the verb.
Here are the books from the library. (What are here? The books.)
The books from the library are here.
Sometimes a sentence is inverted. The sentence begins with a prepositional phrase and the subject has been placed after the verb. Find the verb and ask yourself who/what did it? You can also rearrange the sentence by switching the part after the verb with the part in front of the verb.
On the bench are my sister's gloves. (What are? The gloves.)
My sister's glovesare on the bench.
Challenge 3: Predicate Nouns
If a sentence with a linking verb has a predicate noun, the verb must still agree with the subject, not the predicate noun. The subject generally comes before the verb and the predicate noun after the verb. In a question, however, they both come after the verb.
Casey's Christmas presentwas two tickets to a concert.
The best time to call me is weekday evenings.
Aresports your favorite pastime?
Challenge 4: Prepositional Phrases after Subjects
Don't let yourself be tricked by prepositional phrases after the subject. Make sure you match your verb to the subject, not the object of the preposition.
The birds on the beach are seagulls.
That box of erasers belongs in my desk.
Hint: If you cross out the prepositional phrase, it is easier to find the subject.
The birdson the beachare seagulls.
That boxof erasersbelongs in my desk.
Challenge 5: Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns can be tricky! People often do not use the correct verb when speaking. Memorize the list of pronouns that can be both singular or plural. For those, you need to look at the prepositional phrase that follows. For the always singular or always plural indefinite pronouns, ignore the prepositional phrase.
Singular
Plural
Singular or Plural
another
each
either
much
neither
one
other
anybody, anyone, anything
everybody, everyone, everything
nobody, no one, nothing
somebody, someone, something
both
few
many
others
several
all
any
more
most
none
some
Everybodyhas a heart.
Bothhave driver's licenses.
All of the cakehas been eaten. (The cake is one big piece.)
All of the cookieshave been eaten. (Cookies are individuals.)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
Julia and Jessicais/aretwins.
2.
Thereis/arethe house where my grandfather was born.
3.
Amelia and Jessieis/area great team when they play tennis together.
4.
The winning pairis/areMike and Luke.
5.
The tellers at that bank alwaysgreets/greeteach customer as he or she comes in.
6.
Spring and summeris/aremy favorite times of year.
7.
Doesn't/Don'tanyone here know how to reach Kirsten?
8.
The coldest time of year in Floridais/areusually January and February.
9.
Is/Arethat the movie you were telling me about?
10.
Thereis/aremany beautiful beaches in Hawaii.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 15:
More Challenges in Verb Agreement
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Challenge 6: Collective Nouns
Collective nouns appear to be singular nouns, but they mean a group. Sometimes the group acts as a whole. Other times the members of the group may be acting as individuals. You need to understand how the group is acting in order to choose the correct matching verb.
My familyis going to Germany for Christmas. (as a whole group)
My (whole) familyis going to Germany for Christmas.
My family usually buy their clothes at Jerry's Fine Fashions. (as individuals)
My family (members) usually buy their clothes at Jerry's Fine Fashions.
Challenge 7: Nouns that End in S
Some nouns end in s even though they are considered singular. These include words like mathematics, civics, measles, news, physics, acoustics, mumps, and molasses.
Mathematicsis my favorite class in school.
The mumpsis a very painful illness.
Some nouns that end in s are considered always plural such as scissors, pants, trousers, and shorts. They always take a plural verb.
These scissorsare mine.
Josh's pantsare getting too short.
Challenge 8: Titles of Works
Sometimes the title of a work of literature, art, or music appears to be plural. If it is only a singular work, it needs to be paired with a singular verb.
Parallel Journeystells the story of a boy and a girl during World War II.
The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyleis one of my favorite books.
Challenge 9: Measures and Amounts
When dealing with measurements and money, you have to determine whether you are talking about a number of individual measures or one amount.
Singular:
Seven dollarsis the cost of that cake. (one amount of money)
The dollaris accepted in many countries around the world. (one type of currency)
Two hoursis needed to complete this project. (one amount of time that lasts two hours)
Two-thirds of the lemonade has been finished off. (one quantity)
Plural:
Dollarsare accepted in most Israeli stores. (lots of them)
Two hourswere spent cleaning the garage Saturday and Sunday. (two one hour periods)
Two thirds of the students are on the field trip today. (individuals)
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
"The War of the Worlds," by H. G. Wells,was/wereperformed on the radio and scared many people who thought aliens were really invading.
2.
The buffalo herdis/aregrazing in the meadow.
3.
The fleet of fishing boatsis/arestaying in port today because of the storm.
4.
Little Womenis/areone of my favorite books.
5.
The audiencehas/haveall taken their seats.
6.
For me, physicsis/aremore interesting than chemistry.
7.
The Three Musketeersis/arean exciting adventure book.
8.
The crewwas/wereeating their lunches in the shade.
9.
Is/Arethose eyeglasses the ones your literature teacher was looking for?
10.
The Screwtape Letterswas/werewritten by the same author as The Chronicles of Narnia.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 16:
Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
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Lie: to lie (yourself) down.
I lie down on my bed when I am tired.
Lay: to lay something else down.
I lay down my backpack in the hallway when I get home.
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past Participle
Lie (self)
lie
lying
lay
lain
Lay (object)
lay
laying
laid
laid
Notice that the transitive verb (the one you do to an object) is more regular than the intransitive verb (the one you do to yourself). Lay adds-ing and -ed (with a spelling change). Lie adds -ing, but changes to lay and lain.
I lie down on my bed when I am tired.
I am lying down on my bed right now.
I lay down on my bed yesterday.
In the past I have lain down on my bed.
I lay my backpack down in the hall.
I am laying my backpack down.
Yesterday I laid my backpack down.
In the past I have laid my back pack down.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
I was sure I hadlay/laidmy keys down by the front door, but somehow they got into the refrigerator.
2.
The tigerlaid/layin wait in the bushes, waiting for a deer to pass by.
3.
I have oftenlain/laidawake at night worrying about the next day.
4.
Allison usuallylies/laysher rings down on the sink when she washes her hands, but sometimes she forgets them.
5.
I knew my little brother waslying/layingin wait behind the door, waiting to jump out and scare me, but I played along.
6.
The lawyerlay/laidher files aside and spoke passionately to the jury.
7.
The accident victimlay/laidon the side of the road until the ambulance arrived.
8.
Julie islying/layingout her clothes for tomorrow.
9.
The castlelies/layson the bank of the Rhein River.
10.
Before we moved, my catlaid/layin the bathroom window whenever it was sunny.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 17:
Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Score:
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Sit: to sit (yourself) down.
I sit down on my bed when I am tired.
Set: to set something else down.
I set down my backpack in the hallway when I get home.
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past Participle
Sit (self)
sit
sitting
sat
sat
Set (object)
set
setting
set
set
Notice that the transitive verb (the one you do to an object) is more regular than the intransitive verb (the one you do to yourself). Set adds-ing to the present progressive, but the present, past, and past progressive are the same. Sit adds -ing, but changes to sat in the past and past progressive.
I sit down on my bed when I am tired.
I am sitting down on my bed right now.
I sat down on my bed yesterday.
In the past I have sat down on my bed.
I set my backpack down in the hall.
I am setting my backpack down.
Yesterday I set my backpack down.
In the past I have set my back pack down.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
Mom had justset/satthe phone down to call you when you walked in.
2.
The kingset/saton his throne.
3.
The mother dog carefully carried her puppies to her new bed andset/satthem down on the blanket.
4.
I thought my English teacher hadset/sattoo high a standard until I reached it.
5.
Where did youset/sitmy phone after you used it?
6.
We aresetting/sittingall those books on the table until the book sale.
7.
You need toset/sitstill if you want me to cut your hair straight.
8.
The spelling bee contestantsset/satin the chairs on the stage.
9.
I think your dog has beensetting/sittingin that same spot since you left this morning.
10.
David has beensetting/sittinghere waiting for you to get ready for at least a half an hour.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Lesson 18:
Difficult Verbs: Rise/Raise
Score:
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Rise: to rise (yourself).
I rise from my bed when I am no longer tired.
Raise: to raise something else.
I always raise my hand in class.
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past Participle
Rise (self)
rise
rising
rose
risen
Raise (object)
raise
raising
raised
raised
Notice that the transitive verb (the one you do to an object) is more regular than the intransitive verb (the one you do to yourself). Raise adds -ing and -ed. Rise adds-ing, but changes to rose and risen.
I rise in the morning when my alarm goes off.
I am rising from my bed right now.
I rose from my bed late yesterday.
In the past I have risen as early as 5:00.
I raise the window shade every morning.
I am raising the window shade now.
Yesterday I raised the window shade.
In the past I have raised the window shade.
Practice What You've Learned
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Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
After the hurricane, many boat owners had to pay toraise/risetheir boats from the bottom of the river.
2.
I have a pan of bread doughraising/risingunder a towel on the kitchen counter.
3.
My aunt has her heart set onraising/risingchickens in her backyard.
4.
Karen hadraised/risenher hand first, but the teacher called on someone else.
5.
It seems that the price of soda keepsraising/rising.
6.
Afterraising/risingfive children, my parents are looking forward to having the house to themselves.
7.
I hope my parents will agree toraise/risemy allowance if I agree to do more chores.
8.
Our church group hasraised/risenenough money to package meals for 20,000 poor people in Africa.
9.
Youraised/roseseveral good objections to the plan, but we voted to go with it anyway.
10.
I hadraised/risenmy grades second quarter, but then I got lazy third quarter and they fell again.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Review:
Agreement and Difficult Verbs
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Verb Agreement
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
1.
The Amazonian Indianshas/havepreserved their ancient way of life.
2.
Carmenbuys/buya new purse every month.
3.
Those elephantshas/havelearned how to do tricks.
4.
Leemakes/makethe best fudge I've ever tasted.
5.
Your lunchis/aregetting cold.
Verb Agreement Challenges
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
6.
Thereis/aremany more pyramids in Egypt besides the ones in Giza.
7.
Neither Lydia nor her brothersknows/knowhow to fix a flat tire.
8.
Hereis/arethe clay model Michelangelo used to create his famous sculpture.
9.
Either a teacher or two parentsworks/workeach shift in the concession stand.
10.
Theregoes/gothe wild parakeets you like to watch.
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
11.
Civicshas/havebeen added to our social studies curriculum this year.
12.
Half of the movies this weekendis/arerated R, so I won't be watching them.
13.
"Birches"is/area poem written by Robert Frost and published in 1915.
14.
The pride of lionswas/werenapping after feasting on the gazelle.
15.
Half of the onionswas/werepeeled and sliced.
Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
16.
These floor tiles havelaid/lainhere since my grandmother was a girl, so it is time to replace them.
17.
Alwayslay/liethose glass panes down very carefully.
18.
Veronalays/liesto the west of Venice, Italy, and is the setting of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
19.
The orchardlays/liesbeyond the trees behind my house.
20.
Those plankslaid/layin the garage for years before we used them to build a tree house.
Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
21.
The store usuallyset/sitsits sale merchandise on a table at the front of the store.
22.
If you are feeling faint, you shouldset/sitdown.
23.
Lydia hadset/satthe glasses in the china cabinet where they belonged.
24.
We have beensetting/sittinghere waiting for our appointment for an hour.
25.
Carlosset/sitthe ball down so that he could tie his shoes.
Difficult Verbs: Raise/Rise
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
26.
We will need toraise/riseearly if we want to watch the sunrise.
27.
One of the studentsraised/rosesome good concerns about the fundraising ideas.
28.
You may notraise/risefrom the table until you have asked to be excused.
29.
Denise and Dave hadraised/risenfour children and then adopted four more.
30.
I can't believe that the temperature hasraised/risenmore than twenty degrees in one day.
Score:
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English Grammar 101
Module 3, Verbs, Quiz:
Agreement and Difficult Verbs
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English Grammar 101
Module 3:
Review Verbs
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Action Verbs
Directions:
Click on the action verbs in each phrase. Do not include their helping verbs if they have them.
1.
Lastweekendwewatchedthegame,playedMonopoly,andatepizza.
2.
Myfatherdoveintothepoolandswamfromoneendtotheother.
3.
Rainbowsonlyappearwhenlighthitsraindropsinthesky.
4.
Youstudiedhardforthistest,anditshowsthatyouhavelearnedthematerialwell.
Helping Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in the verb phrase in each sentence.
5.
Thoseboxesshouldhavebeenputonthattopshelf.
6.
Thebasketballplayercouldhavebrokenhiswristwhenhefell.
7.
Shouldyoubeplayingwiththatglasssculpture?
8.
Knightsmusthavebeenveryhotinallthatarmor.
Directions:
Click on all the helping verbs only in each sentence.
9.
Myfathercouldhavebeensleepingwhenwestartedourbandrehearsal.
10.
BytomorrowIwillhavedoneallmymissinghomework.
11.
Pleasetellmeyoudiddoyourchoresbeforeyouwentouttoplay.
12.
Youshouldhavetoldmethatchocolatechipcookieswereyourfavorite.
Linking Verbs
Directions:
Click on the linking verbs in each sentence.
13.
Thesandfeelshotonthesolesofmyfeet.
14.
Throwingbranchesofpinetreeintothefiremakesitsmellsonice.
15.
Thisboringmovieseemsneverending.
16.
Hailey'sbulldog'ssnoresaretheloudestI'veeverheard.
Directions:
Click only on the verbs that are linking verbs. Do not include helping verbs or action verbs.
17.
Mymomthinkspaperbooksarebetterthane-books.
18.
Thatnewcarlooksexpensivebutcostslessthantheotheroneslikeit.
19.
Ifyoubuyalotteryticket,Ihopeyouwillbelucky.
20.
Thatlakehasaverydeepbottom,soitseemsbottomless.
Action vs. Linking Verbs
Directions:
Identify the bold-faced verb as action or linking.
21.
Quit looking at me funny.
action/linking
22.
Your hair looks so shiny today.
action/linking
23.
Paul grew tired of waiting for his friends.
action/linking
24.
A grapefruit tree grew in my backyard for many years.
action/linking
The Verb To Be
Directions:
Identify how the verb to be is being used.
25.
Smoking is a great way to get cancer.
state-of-being/helping/linking
26.
Is your pool heated in the winter?
state-of-being/helping/linking
27.
We were in the movie theater when you called.
state-of-being/helping/linking
28.
Blue is my favorite color.
state-of-being/helping/linking
Principal Parts of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the principal part of the bold-faced verb.
29.
My father's cat jumps into every empty bag she finds.
present/present participle/past/past participle
30.
Mark should have looked before he jumped into that pond.
present/present participle/past/past participle
31.
Tracy is saving money to buy a new cell phone.
present/present participle/past/past participle
32.
My favorite authors have written many books that I have read multiple times.
present/present participle/past/past participle
Irregular Verbs
Directions:
Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.
33.
That new carcost/costedmore than my grandfather paid for his house.
34.
My grandfather oftenstanded/stoodon the balcony watching his grandchildren play in his backyard.
35.
I hope you onlyspended/spentwhat you could afford on those DVDs.
36.
My boatspringed/sprunga leak.
Tenses of Verbs
Directions:
Identify the tense of the bold-faced verb.
37.
Sam lights a fire in his fireplace every night in the winter.
present/past progressive/future/present perfect
38.
Some apple trees do grow in Florida.
emphatic/past progressive/present perfect/future
39.
Michael and Luis were working on their sculptures when Sheryl arrived.
present/future perfect progressive/past progressive/emphatic
40.
Last week Luca and Daniel went skateboarding in the new park by the mall.
future perfect/present progressive/past/past perfect progressive
Directions:
Choose the correct tense of the verb to complete the sentence.
41.
I can tell that youwill study/have studiedthis material before today.
42.
The ancient Egyptiansconstructed/had constructedthe pyramids using basic, simple tools.
43.
Next weekend welit/will lighta fire in the fireplace.
44.
The figurine on the top shelfbroke/has brokenwhen it was knocked off.
Shifts in Verb Tense
Directions:
Read the story. Pay attention to the clues as to the tense in which it should be written. Then click on any verbs that should be changed to the correct tense.
45.(4 points)
Onceuponatime,akinghadabeautifulbabygirl,soheholdsachristeningparty.Heinvitedallthegoodfairies,butforgottoinvitetheevilfairy,whoshowedupanywayandputsacurseonhisdaughter.Shegrewup,andonhersixteenthbirthday,pricksherfingeronaspinningwheelandshouldhavedied.Thankstothethirteenthgoodfairy,SleepingBeautyonlyfellintoadeepsleepthatlastedahundredyearsuntilthekissofaprinceendsthespellandwokeher.
Idiomatic Verbs
Directions:
Click on all the words in each idiomatic verb. Some sentences may have more than one. Some idiomatic verbs may be separated.
46.
Ithinkwewillbeabletogetbywiththosesmallerboardssodon'tthrowthemaway.
47.
Howmanybooksdidyoucheckoutfromthelibraryforyourresearchreport?
48.
Wewaitedforthestormtoblowoverbeforegoingoutside.
49.
Thisweekend,IamdeterminedtocatchuponalltheshowsI'verecordedonmyDVR.
Active vs. Passive Voice
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as active or passive.
50.
That clock's ticking is distracting me.
active/passive
51.
My sunglasses were broken when the ball hit me in the face.
active/passive
52.
Those two songs were written by the same person.
active/passive
53.
If you had put sunscreen on, you would not have gottena sunburn.
active/passive
Moods of Verbs
Directions:
Identify each bold-faced verb as indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.
54.
Watch out for that car!
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
55.
If I were rich, I would buy a better car.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
56.
I would buy you that ring if I had enough money.
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
57.
Will we get to see the Colosseum on our trip to Rome?
indicative/imperative/subjunctive
Verb Agreement
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
58.
Jeremyhas/havesix brothers and sisters.
59.
Those birds next to the roadis/aresandhill cranes.
60.
That teddy bearbelongs/belongto my little brother.
61.
Those fence postswas/werebroken in the last hurricane.
Verb Agreement Challenges
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
62.
Most of the projectis/arecompleted.
63.
Was/Werethere enough cookies for the whole class?
64.
Cats and dogsmakes/makebetter pets than lions and wolves.
65.
Chicken and dumplingsis/areone of my favorite comfort foods.
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
66.
The measleshave/hasalmost been wiped out in the U.S. because of immunizations.
67.
Twenty dollarsis/areripped or torn.
68.
Half of the dictionaries in the roomis/arein need of repairs.
69.
The Comanche tribeis/arehosting a powwow in honor of the code talkers.
Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
70.
I havelain/layedon that futon before, but I prefer the sofa.
71.
My sister alwayslays/liesher backpack on my lunch box, squashing my sandwich.
72.
In the past, illuminatorslaid/laygold on top of a sticky paint to create gilded artwork.
73.
When we renovated the house, we discovered that the previous owners hadlaid/laincarpet on top of beautiful hardwood floors.
Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
74.
When you aresetting/sittingthe table, make sure you put the fork on the left.
75.
Pleaseset/sitat the far end of the table.
76.
Weset/satin the car for thirty minutes waiting for Julie to find the right pair of shoes.
77.
The box of photographs hadset/satin the bottom of the closet for years before anyone remembered they were there.
Difficult Verbs: Raise/Rise
Directions:
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence.
78.
Please stand at attention while they areraising/risingthe flag.
79.
I knew the stove was still on when I saw steamraising/risingfrom the pot.
80.
My parents took my sister to the doctor after her feverrose/raisedduring the night.
81.
Fortunately Taylor hadraised/risenfrom her seat on the bench when the branch fell on it.
Score:
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1. Nouns
Pretest: Nouns
Lesson 1: What Is a Noun?
Lesson 2: Common and Proper Nouns
Lesson 3: Singular and Plural Nouns 1
Lesson 4: Singular and Plural Nouns 2
Lesson 5: Irregular Plural Nouns
Lesson 6: Compound Nouns
Lesson 7: Collective Nouns
Lesson 8: Possessive Nouns
Lesson 9: Classifying Nouns
Review: Nouns
Posttest: Nouns
2. Pronouns
Pretest: Pronouns
Lesson 1: Personal Pronouns
Lesson 2: Cases of Personal Pronouns
Lesson 3: Challenging Uses of Cases
Review: Pronoun Cases
Quiz: Pronoun Cases
Lesson 4: Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Lesson 5: Interrogative Pronouns
Lesson 6: Demonstrative Pronouns
Lesson 7: Relative Pronouns
Lesson 8: Indefinite Pronouns
Review: Types of Pronouns
Quiz: Types of Pronouns
Lesson 9: Pronoun Agreement
Lesson 10: Challenges in Pronoun Agreement
Lesson 11: Indefinite Pronoun Agreement
Review: Pronoun Agreement
Quiz: Pronoun Agreement
Review: Pronouns
Posttest: Pronouns
3. Verbs
Pretest: Verbs
Lesson 1: Action Verbs
Lesson 2: Helping Verbs
Lesson 3: Linking Verbs
Lesson 4: Action vs. Linking Verbs
Lesson 5: The Verb To Be
Review: Types of Verbs
Quiz: Types of Verbs
Lesson 6: Principal Parts of Verbs
Lesson 7: Irregular Verbs
Lesson 8: Tenses of Verbs
Lesson 9: Shifts in Verb Tense
Lesson 10: Idiomatic Verbs
Lesson 11: Active vs. Passive Voice
Lesson 12: Moods of Verbs
Review: Using Tenses
Quiz: Using Tenses
Lesson 13: Agreement of Verbs
Lesson 14: Challenges in Verb Agreement
Lesson 15: More Challenges in Verb Agreement
Lesson 16: Difficult Verbs: Lie/Lay
Lesson 17: Difficult Verbs: Sit/Set
Lesson 18: Difficult Verbs: Rise/Raise
Review: Agreement and Difficult Verbs
Quiz: Agreement and Difficult Verbs
Review: Verbs
Posttest: Verbs
4. Sentence Parts
Pretest: Sentence Parts
Lesson 1: Simple Subjects
Lesson 2: Simple Predicates
Lesson 3: Challenging Subjects
Lesson 4: Compound Subjects and Predicates
Lesson 5: Complete Subjects and Predicates
Review: Subjects and Predicates
Quiz: Subjects and Predicates
Lesson 6: Direct Objects
Lesson 7: Challenges with Direct Objects
Lesson 8: Indirect Objects
Lesson 9: Subject Complements
Lesson 10: Object Complements
Lesson 11: Distinguishing Between Objects and Complements
Lesson 12: Classifying Verbs
Review: Objects and Complements
Quiz: Objects and Complements
Review: Sentence Parts
Posttest: Sentence Parts
5. Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
Pretest: Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
Lesson 1: Adjectives
Lesson 2: Different Types of Adjectives
Lesson 3: Compound Adjectives
Lesson 4: Order of Adjectives
Review: Identifying Adjectives
Quiz: Identifying Adjectives
Lesson 5: Adverbs Modifying Verbs
Lesson 6: Adverbs Modifying Adjectives
Lesson 7: Adverbs Modifying Other Adverbs
Lesson 8: Special Types of Adverbs
Lesson 9: Adjective versus Adverb
Review: Identifying Adverbs
Quiz: Identifying Adverbs
Lesson 10: Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs
Lesson 11: Challenging Comparisons
Lesson 12: Challenging Adjectives and Adverbs
Lesson 13: Common Mistakes and Dangling Modifiers
Review: Using Adjectives and Adverbs
Quiz: Using Adjectives and Adverbs
Review: Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
Posttest: Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
6. Prepositions
Pretest: Prepositions
Lesson 1: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 2: Compound Prepositions and Compound Objects
Lesson 3: Preposition versus Adverb
Lesson 4: Adjective Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 5: Adverb Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 6: Prepositional Phrases as Nouns
Review: Prepositional Phrases
Quiz: Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 7: Layered Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 8: Adjective or Adverb Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 9: Placement Problems and Dangling Prepositions
Lesson 10: Troublesome Prepositions
Lesson 11: Commas with Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 12: Idiomatic Verbs
Review: Working with Prepositional Phrases
Quiz: Working with Prepositional Phrases
Review: Prepositions
Posttest: Prepositions
7. Conjunctions and Interjections
Pretest: Conjunctions and Interjections
Lesson 1: Coordinate Conjunctions
Lesson 2: Correlative Conjunctions
Lesson 3: Parallel Ideas
Lesson 4: Conjunctive Adverbs
Lesson 5: Subordinating Conjunctions
Lesson 6: Other Words that Act as Conjunctions
Lesson 7: As/As if Versus Like
Lesson 8: Interjections
Review: Conjunctions and Interjections
Posttest: Conjunctions and Interjections
8. Verbals and Phrases
Pretest:Verbals and Phrases
Lesson 1: Verbals
Lesson 2: Participles and Participial Phrases
Lesson 3: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Participial Phrases
Lesson 4: Misplaced Participial Phrases
Lesson 5: Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
Lesson 6: Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
Lesson 7: Classifying Verbals and Verbal Phrases
Review:Verbals
Quiz:Verbals
Lesson 8: Appositives and Appositive Phrases
Lesson 9: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Appositives
Lesson 10: Absolute Phrases
Review: Appositive and Absolute Phrases
Quiz: Appositive and Absolute Phrases
Review:Verbals and Phrases
Posttest:Verbals and Phrases
Coming Soon
9. Clauses (December 2015)
10. Capitalization
Pretest: Capitalization
Lesson 1: Names of People
Lesson 2: Titles
Lesson 3: Names of Places
Lesson 4: Names of Groups of People
Lesson 5: Names of Things
Lesson 6: Names in School
Lesson 7: Names on the Calendar
Lesson 8: Firsts
Lesson 9: Conventions
Review: Capitalization
Posttest: Capitalization
11. Punctuation
Pretest: Punctuation
Lesson 1: Period versus Question Mark
Lesson 2: Period versus Exclamation Point
Lesson 3: Period versus Question Mark, Exclamation Point
Lesson 4: Comma - Noun of Address
Lesson 5: Comma - Transitional Adverbs
Lesson 6: Comma - Prepositional Phrases
Lesson 7: Comma - Participial Phrases
Lesson 8: Comma - Participial Phrases versus Gerundial Phrases
Lesson 9: Comma - Introductory Dependent Clauses
Lesson 10: Comma - Absolute Expressions
Quiz: End Points and Commas
Lesson 11: Comma - Joining by Coordinate Conjunctions
Lesson 12: Comma - Joining by Coordinate Conjunctions (Continued)
Lesson 13: Comma - Parenthetical Expressions
Lesson 14: Comma - Words in Apposition
Lesson 15: Comma - Adjective Clauses
Lesson 16: Comma - Adjective Clauses (Continued)
Lesson 17: Comma - Quotations and the Comma
Lesson 18: Comma - Dates and the Comma
Lesson 19: Comma - Addresses and the Comma
Lesson 20: Comma - Items in a Series
Lesson 21: Comma - Modifiers in a Series
Quiz: End Points and More Commas
Lesson 22: Quotation Marks
Lesson 23: Question Marks versus Other Marks of Punctuation
Lesson 24: Quotation Marks versus Underscores and Italics
Lesson 25: Quotation Marks - Ellipsis Points and Brackets
Lesson 26: Parentheses - Enclosing the Parenthetical Expression
Lesson 27: Dash - Enclosing the Parenthetical Expression
Lesson 28: Dash - Joining Independent Statements
Lesson 29: Semicolon - Joining Independent Clauses
Lesson 30: Semicolon - Separating Items in a Series
Lesson 31: Colon - Introducing the Following
Lesson 32: Virgule (Slash)
Quiz: Punctuation
Review: Punctuation
Posttest: Punctuation
14. Troublesome Words
Pretest: Troublesome Words
Lesson 1: Accept versus Except
Lesson 2: Affect versus Effect
Lesson 3: Advice versus Advise
Lesson 4: All Ready versus Already
Lesson 5: All-round versus All Around
Lesson 6: All Together versus Altogether
Lesson 7: All Ways versus Always
Lesson 8: Allay versus Alley, Ally
Lesson 9: Allude versus Elude
Lesson 10: Allusion versus Illusion
Quiz: Cumulative I
Lesson 11: Alternate versus Alternative
Lesson 12: Among, Amongst versus Between
Lesson 13: Apprehend versus Comprehend
Lesson 14: Award versus Reward
Lesson 15: Bad versus Badly
Lesson 16: Can versus May
Lesson 17: Born versus Borne
Lesson 18: Breath versus Breathe
Lesson 19: Bring, Carry, Fetch versus Take
Lesson 20: Anger, Angry versus Mad
Lesson 21: Censor versus censure
Lesson 22: Complement versus compliment
Quiz: Cumulative II
Lesson 23: Council versus Counsel
Lesson 24: Continual, Continuous versus Consecutive
Lesson 25: Emigrate versus Immigrate
Lesson 26: Farther versus Further
Lesson 27: Its versus It's, 'Tis
Lesson 28: Lie, Lying, Lay, Lain versus Lie, Lying, Lied, Lied
Lesson 29: Lie, Lying, Lay, Lain versus Lay, Laying, Laid, Laid
Lesson 30: Notable versus Notorious, Notoriety
Lesson 31: Persecute versus Prosecute
Quiz: Cumulative III
Lesson 32: Principal versus Principle
Lesson 33: Set versus Sit
Lesson 34: Stationary versus Stationery
Lesson 35: Their versus There, They're
Lesson 36: Whether versus Weather
Lesson 37: You and I versus You and Me
Lesson 38: To versus Too, Two
Lesson 39: Sight versus Site, Cite
Lesson 40: Capital versus Capitol
Quiz: Cumulative IV
Review: Troublesome Words
Posttest: Troublesome Words
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